Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration

Carbon enriched bioceramic (C-Bio) scaffolds have recently shown exceptional results in terms of their biological and mechanical properties. The present study aims at assessing the ability of the C-Bio scaffolds to affect the commitment of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) and...

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Main Authors: Parastoo Memarian, Francesco Sartor, Enrico Bernardo, Hamada Elsayed, Batur Ercan, Lucia Gemma Delogu, Barbara Zavan, Maurizio Isola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/475
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spelling doaj-e31b6cde8ce249a1be44f795182eddb82021-01-07T00:00:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-012247547510.3390/ijms22020475Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue RegenerationParastoo Memarian0Francesco Sartor1Enrico Bernardo2Hamada Elsayed3Batur Ercan4Lucia Gemma Delogu5Barbara Zavan6Maurizio Isola7Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, TurkeyDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35100 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, ItalyCarbon enriched bioceramic (C-Bio) scaffolds have recently shown exceptional results in terms of their biological and mechanical properties. The present study aims at assessing the ability of the C-Bio scaffolds to affect the commitment of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) and investigating the influence of carbon on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cAD-MSCs in vitro. The commitment of cAD-MSCs to an osteoblastic phenotype has been evaluated by expression of several osteogenic markers using real-time PCR. Biocompatibility analyses through 3-(4,5-dimethyl- thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, hemolysis assay, and Ames test demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of both materials. A significant increase in the extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX), ALP, osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) genes was observed in C-Bio scaffolds compared to those without carbon (Bio). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated excellent cell attachment on both material surfaces; however, the cellular layer on C-Bio fibers exhibited an apparent secretome activity. Based on our findings, graphene can improve cell adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of cAD-MSCs in vitro. This study proposed carbon as an additive for a novel three-dimensional (3D)-printable biocompatible scaffold which could become the key structural material for bone tissue reconstruction.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/4753D printinggraphenebiomaterial
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Parastoo Memarian
Francesco Sartor
Enrico Bernardo
Hamada Elsayed
Batur Ercan
Lucia Gemma Delogu
Barbara Zavan
Maurizio Isola
spellingShingle Parastoo Memarian
Francesco Sartor
Enrico Bernardo
Hamada Elsayed
Batur Ercan
Lucia Gemma Delogu
Barbara Zavan
Maurizio Isola
Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
3D printing
graphene
biomaterial
author_facet Parastoo Memarian
Francesco Sartor
Enrico Bernardo
Hamada Elsayed
Batur Ercan
Lucia Gemma Delogu
Barbara Zavan
Maurizio Isola
author_sort Parastoo Memarian
title Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration
title_short Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration
title_full Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration
title_fullStr Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration
title_full_unstemmed Osteogenic Properties of 3D-Printed Silica-Carbon-Calcite Composite Scaffolds: Novel Approach for Personalized Bone Tissue Regeneration
title_sort osteogenic properties of 3d-printed silica-carbon-calcite composite scaffolds: novel approach for personalized bone tissue regeneration
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1661-6596
1422-0067
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Carbon enriched bioceramic (C-Bio) scaffolds have recently shown exceptional results in terms of their biological and mechanical properties. The present study aims at assessing the ability of the C-Bio scaffolds to affect the commitment of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) and investigating the influence of carbon on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cAD-MSCs in vitro. The commitment of cAD-MSCs to an osteoblastic phenotype has been evaluated by expression of several osteogenic markers using real-time PCR. Biocompatibility analyses through 3-(4,5-dimethyl- thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, hemolysis assay, and Ames test demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of both materials. A significant increase in the extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX), ALP, osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) genes was observed in C-Bio scaffolds compared to those without carbon (Bio). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated excellent cell attachment on both material surfaces; however, the cellular layer on C-Bio fibers exhibited an apparent secretome activity. Based on our findings, graphene can improve cell adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of cAD-MSCs in vitro. This study proposed carbon as an additive for a novel three-dimensional (3D)-printable biocompatible scaffold which could become the key structural material for bone tissue reconstruction.
topic 3D printing
graphene
biomaterial
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/475
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