Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns

Objectives: World Health Organization has recognized magnesium sulphate as the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of fits associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia which are amongst the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. In this study, the pharmaceutical quality of magnesi...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Angus Nnamdi Oli, Ezinne Janefrances Nwankwo, Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor, Ugochukwu Stanley Umeh, Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh, Chijioke M. Ofomata, Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro, Emmanuel Chinedum Otakagu, Ruth Asikiya Afunwa, Gordon C. Ibeanu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-05-01
Series:Heliyon
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021012020
id doaj-e61cc96754cb4c06b6c2bd4c1b39c380
record_format Article
spelling doaj-e61cc96754cb4c06b6c2bd4c1b39c3802021-06-03T14:45:37ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-05-0175e07099Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concernsAngus Nnamdi Oli0Ezinne Janefrances Nwankwo1Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor2Ugochukwu Stanley Umeh3Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh4Chijioke M. Ofomata5Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro6Emmanuel Chinedum Otakagu7Ruth Asikiya Afunwa8Gordon C. Ibeanu9Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Agulu, Anambra state, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Awka, Anambra State, NigeriaDepartment of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaDepartment of Biology and Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Arts and Sciences, Neumann University, One Neumann Drive, Aston, PA, 19014-1298, USADepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Awka, P.M.B 5025, Anambra State, NigeriaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra state, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Awka, Anambra State, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra state, NigeriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USAObjectives: World Health Organization has recognized magnesium sulphate as the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of fits associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia which are amongst the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. In this study, the pharmaceutical quality of magnesium sulphate injections marketed in Anambra state was assessed. Methods: Ninety samples of magnesium sulphate obtained from the 3 senatorial zones in Anambra state were subjected to identification tests, microbiological analysis consisting of Growth promotion test, sterility and endotoxin test. Content analysis using titrimetric method and pH analysis were also carried out on the samples. Results: Twenty percent (20%) of samples obtained from Onitsha failed identification test as they had no Registration number in Nigeria. All samples subjected to the microbiology tests (sterility and endotoxin test) passed. Twenty percent (20%) and thirty-three percent (33.3%) of samples sourced from Onitsha and Nnewi respectively failed the pH analysis test. All the samples passed microbiological tests and had their Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) within the acceptable limit. Conclusions: This study reveals that there are still some substandard magnesium sulphate injections in circulation in the locality. The supply chain of these drugs should be monitored to ensure a reduction in the incidences of substandard magnesium sulphate and positive therapeutic outcome which translates to reduced maternal mortality associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Nigeria.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021012020Magnesium sulphateWomen's healthPre-eclampsiaEclampsiaQuality drugs
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Angus Nnamdi Oli
Ezinne Janefrances Nwankwo
Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor
Ugochukwu Stanley Umeh
Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
Chijioke M. Ofomata
Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro
Emmanuel Chinedum Otakagu
Ruth Asikiya Afunwa
Gordon C. Ibeanu
spellingShingle Angus Nnamdi Oli
Ezinne Janefrances Nwankwo
Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor
Ugochukwu Stanley Umeh
Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
Chijioke M. Ofomata
Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro
Emmanuel Chinedum Otakagu
Ruth Asikiya Afunwa
Gordon C. Ibeanu
Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
Heliyon
Magnesium sulphate
Women's health
Pre-eclampsia
Eclampsia
Quality drugs
author_facet Angus Nnamdi Oli
Ezinne Janefrances Nwankwo
Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor
Ugochukwu Stanley Umeh
Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
Chijioke M. Ofomata
Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro
Emmanuel Chinedum Otakagu
Ruth Asikiya Afunwa
Gordon C. Ibeanu
author_sort Angus Nnamdi Oli
title Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
title_short Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
title_full Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
title_fullStr Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
title_full_unstemmed Emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
title_sort emergency medicine: magnesium sulphate injections and their pharmaceutical quality concerns
publisher Elsevier
series Heliyon
issn 2405-8440
publishDate 2021-05-01
description Objectives: World Health Organization has recognized magnesium sulphate as the drug of choice for prevention and treatment of fits associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia which are amongst the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. In this study, the pharmaceutical quality of magnesium sulphate injections marketed in Anambra state was assessed. Methods: Ninety samples of magnesium sulphate obtained from the 3 senatorial zones in Anambra state were subjected to identification tests, microbiological analysis consisting of Growth promotion test, sterility and endotoxin test. Content analysis using titrimetric method and pH analysis were also carried out on the samples. Results: Twenty percent (20%) of samples obtained from Onitsha failed identification test as they had no Registration number in Nigeria. All samples subjected to the microbiology tests (sterility and endotoxin test) passed. Twenty percent (20%) and thirty-three percent (33.3%) of samples sourced from Onitsha and Nnewi respectively failed the pH analysis test. All the samples passed microbiological tests and had their Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) within the acceptable limit. Conclusions: This study reveals that there are still some substandard magnesium sulphate injections in circulation in the locality. The supply chain of these drugs should be monitored to ensure a reduction in the incidences of substandard magnesium sulphate and positive therapeutic outcome which translates to reduced maternal mortality associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Nigeria.
topic Magnesium sulphate
Women's health
Pre-eclampsia
Eclampsia
Quality drugs
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021012020
work_keys_str_mv AT angusnnamdioli emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT ezinnejanefrancesnwankwo emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT chukwuebukaemmanuelumeyor emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT ugochukwustanleyumeh emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT judennaemekaokoyeh emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT chijiokemofomata emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT chukwuemekachukwubuikemokoro emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT emmanuelchinedumotakagu emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT ruthasikiyaafunwa emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
AT gordoncibeanu emergencymedicinemagnesiumsulphateinjectionsandtheirpharmaceuticalqualityconcerns
_version_ 1721399182025031680