Mineral Materials Coated with and Consisting of MnO_x—Characteristics and Application of Filter Media for Groundwater Treatment: A Review

• Main Authors: Magdalena M. Michel, Lidia Reczek, Dorota Papciak, Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła, Tadeusz Siwiec, Yuliia Trach
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-05-01
• Series: Materials
• Subjects: drinking water; water treatment; surface coatings; quartz sand; chalcedonite; diatomite
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/10/2232

For groundwater treatment, the technologies involving oxidation on MnO_x filter bed are beneficial, common, and effectively used. The presence of MnO_x is the mutual feature of filter media, both MnO_x-coated mineral materials like quartz sand and gravel, chalcedonite, diatomite, glauconite, zeolite, or anthracite along with consisting of MnO_x manganese ores. This review is based on the analysis of research and review papers, commercial data sheets, and standards. The paper aimed to provide new suggestions and useful information for further investigation of MnO_x filter media for groundwater treatment. The presented compilations are based on the characteristics of coatings, methods, and conditions of its obtaining and type of filter media. The relationship between the properties of MnO_x amendments and the obtained purification effects as well as the commonly used commercial products, their features, and applications have been discussed. The paper concludes by mentioning about improving catalytic/adsorption properties of non-reactive siliceous media opposed to ion-exchange minerals and about possible significance of birnessite type manganese oxide for water treatment. Research needs related to the assessment of the use MnO_x filter media to heavy metals removal from groundwater in field operations and to standardize methodology of testing MnO_x filter media for water treatment were identified.