Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning
(1) Background: Individuals’ psychological traits can influence not just success in sport but also the ability to learn new motor skills. We investigated whether sport courage, worry and fear differ between alpine ski-naive and basic level skiers and how they affect ski learning. (2): A to...
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doaj-eb6366bde4f5401296dc8e16610788572020-11-25T00:47:43ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632018-09-01639610.3390/sports6030096sports6030096Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski LearningVjekoslav Cigrovski0Ivan Radman1Erkut Konter2Mateja Očić3Lana Ružić4Faculty of Kinesiology Horvacanski zavoj, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaFaculty of Kinesiology Horvacanski zavoj, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaSport Science and Technology High School, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir 35220, TurkeyFaculty of Kinesiology Horvacanski zavoj, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, CroatiaFaculty of Kinesiology Horvacanski zavoj, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia(1) Background: Individuals’ psychological traits can influence not just success in sport but also the ability to learn new motor skills. We investigated whether sport courage, worry and fear differ between alpine ski-naive and basic level skiers and how they affect ski learning. (2): A total of 337 students (249 ski-naive and 88 basic level) participated in research consisting of a four-part questionnaire and structured skiing program. (3) Results: For beginners, lower fear (r = −0.30, p < 0.01) and higher Self-efficiency (r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and mastery (r = 0.20, p < 0.01) were associated with better performance; reducing fear and increasing self-efficiency and worry increased performance. Experienced skiers were better in determination, mastery, and self-efficiency (all p < 0.05). In case of lower score in worry (r = −0.28, p < 0.01) and higher in self-efficiency (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) performance was better. Males scored higher in sport courage scale-31 (all p < 0.05). In particular, self-efficiency was associated with better (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), and higher fear with poorer performance (r = −0.33, p < 0.01). Moreover, self-efficiency was a predictor of ski success (p < 0.001). On the other hand, females like ski beginners scored higher in fear (p < 0.001). In females, determination, mastery and self-efficiency had a positive correlation with skiing (r = 0.21, p < 0.05, r = 0.28, p < 0.01, and r = 0.33, p < 0.01, respectively), while association between Fear and skiing (r = −0.46, p < 0.01) was negative, and fear (p < 0.001) was inversely related to success. (4): Conclusions: Psychological factors and gender differences need to be considered during learning phases of alpine skiing. There is a positive association between self-efficiency and performance of male ski beginners, and negative association between fear and achieved results in basic alpine ski school in case of female ski beginners.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/6/3/96sport courageself-efficiencyworryfearskiing performance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Vjekoslav Cigrovski Ivan Radman Erkut Konter Mateja Očić Lana Ružić |
spellingShingle |
Vjekoslav Cigrovski Ivan Radman Erkut Konter Mateja Očić Lana Ružić Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning Sports sport courage self-efficiency worry fear skiing performance |
author_facet |
Vjekoslav Cigrovski Ivan Radman Erkut Konter Mateja Očić Lana Ružić |
author_sort |
Vjekoslav Cigrovski |
title |
Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning |
title_short |
Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning |
title_full |
Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning |
title_fullStr |
Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning |
title_sort |
sport courage, worry and fear in relation to success of alpine ski learning |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sports |
issn |
2075-4663 |
publishDate |
2018-09-01 |
description |
(1) Background: Individuals’ psychological traits can influence not just success in sport but also the ability to learn new motor skills. We investigated whether sport courage, worry and fear differ between alpine ski-naive and basic level skiers and how they affect ski learning. (2): A total of 337 students (249 ski-naive and 88 basic level) participated in research consisting of a four-part questionnaire and structured skiing program. (3) Results: For beginners, lower fear (r = −0.30, p < 0.01) and higher Self-efficiency (r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and mastery (r = 0.20, p < 0.01) were associated with better performance; reducing fear and increasing self-efficiency and worry increased performance. Experienced skiers were better in determination, mastery, and self-efficiency (all p < 0.05). In case of lower score in worry (r = −0.28, p < 0.01) and higher in self-efficiency (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) performance was better. Males scored higher in sport courage scale-31 (all p < 0.05). In particular, self-efficiency was associated with better (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), and higher fear with poorer performance (r = −0.33, p < 0.01). Moreover, self-efficiency was a predictor of ski success (p < 0.001). On the other hand, females like ski beginners scored higher in fear (p < 0.001). In females, determination, mastery and self-efficiency had a positive correlation with skiing (r = 0.21, p < 0.05, r = 0.28, p < 0.01, and r = 0.33, p < 0.01, respectively), while association between Fear and skiing (r = −0.46, p < 0.01) was negative, and fear (p < 0.001) was inversely related to success. (4): Conclusions: Psychological factors and gender differences need to be considered during learning phases of alpine skiing. There is a positive association between self-efficiency and performance of male ski beginners, and negative association between fear and achieved results in basic alpine ski school in case of female ski beginners. |
topic |
sport courage self-efficiency worry fear skiing performance |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/6/3/96 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT vjekoslavcigrovski sportcourageworryandfearinrelationtosuccessofalpineskilearning AT ivanradman sportcourageworryandfearinrelationtosuccessofalpineskilearning AT erkutkonter sportcourageworryandfearinrelationtosuccessofalpineskilearning AT matejaocic sportcourageworryandfearinrelationtosuccessofalpineskilearning AT lanaruzic sportcourageworryandfearinrelationtosuccessofalpineskilearning |
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