Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is a lifestyle disease. Sex, age, race, place of residence (geographical region), chronic diseases, lifestyle (including diet) and various genetic factors contribute to the risk of calculus formation within the urinary tract. The prevalence of urolithiasis in adults ranges from 1 to 20%...

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Main Authors: Agnieszka Szmigielska, Piotr Skrzypczyk, Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. 2019-05-01
Series:Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-15-no-1/epidemiology-and-types-of-urolithiasis?aid=1296
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spelling doaj-f2bb06273c724fd28801b18b4a0af29b2020-11-25T02:04:20ZengMedical Communications Sp. z o.o.Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna1734-15312451-07422019-05-01151222510.15557/PiMR.2019.0004Epidemiology and types of urolithiasisAgnieszka Szmigielska0Piotr Skrzypczyk1Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska2Department of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandUrolithiasis is a lifestyle disease. Sex, age, race, place of residence (geographical region), chronic diseases, lifestyle (including diet) and various genetic factors contribute to the risk of calculus formation within the urinary tract. The prevalence of urolithiasis in adults ranges from 1 to 20%, and children account for 2–10% of patients. The annual incidence of paediatric urolithiasis is estimated at several cases per 100,000 children worldwide; it is the reason for approximately 1 per 1,000 hospitalisations among paediatric patients. The prevalence of urolithiasis has been increasing in both adults and children. In young children, the disease is usually a result of a genetically determined metabolic defect (such as hypercalciuria, distal tubular acidosis, familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, or Lesch–Nyhan syndrome). Another significant risk factor in children is a urinary tract defect with urinary retention. Urinary tract infections, in turn, may be either a cause or a complication of urolithiasis. In older children and adults, malnutrition, obesity and metabolic syndrome play a significant role. Other factors conductive to urolithiasis are: certain drugs, low level of physical activity, long immobilisation, low fluid intake, warm climate, inadequate diet and improper vitamin D3 supplementation. The disease recurs within 5 years in 50% of patients. Urolithiasis and its complications may lead to end-stage renal failure. The disease can be divided into different types based on the chemical composition of a calculus, aetiology of the disease and site of calculus formation (upper or lower urinary tract). The composition of calculi is quite often mixed, and they form due to various causes.http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-15-no-1/epidemiology-and-types-of-urolithiasis?aid=1296urolithiasishypercalciuriachildrenepidemiology
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Agnieszka Szmigielska
Piotr Skrzypczyk
Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
spellingShingle Agnieszka Szmigielska
Piotr Skrzypczyk
Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
urolithiasis
hypercalciuria
children
epidemiology
author_facet Agnieszka Szmigielska
Piotr Skrzypczyk
Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
author_sort Agnieszka Szmigielska
title Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
title_short Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
title_full Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
title_fullStr Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
title_sort epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
publisher Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.
series Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
issn 1734-1531
2451-0742
publishDate 2019-05-01
description Urolithiasis is a lifestyle disease. Sex, age, race, place of residence (geographical region), chronic diseases, lifestyle (including diet) and various genetic factors contribute to the risk of calculus formation within the urinary tract. The prevalence of urolithiasis in adults ranges from 1 to 20%, and children account for 2–10% of patients. The annual incidence of paediatric urolithiasis is estimated at several cases per 100,000 children worldwide; it is the reason for approximately 1 per 1,000 hospitalisations among paediatric patients. The prevalence of urolithiasis has been increasing in both adults and children. In young children, the disease is usually a result of a genetically determined metabolic defect (such as hypercalciuria, distal tubular acidosis, familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, or Lesch–Nyhan syndrome). Another significant risk factor in children is a urinary tract defect with urinary retention. Urinary tract infections, in turn, may be either a cause or a complication of urolithiasis. In older children and adults, malnutrition, obesity and metabolic syndrome play a significant role. Other factors conductive to urolithiasis are: certain drugs, low level of physical activity, long immobilisation, low fluid intake, warm climate, inadequate diet and improper vitamin D3 supplementation. The disease recurs within 5 years in 50% of patients. Urolithiasis and its complications may lead to end-stage renal failure. The disease can be divided into different types based on the chemical composition of a calculus, aetiology of the disease and site of calculus formation (upper or lower urinary tract). The composition of calculi is quite often mixed, and they form due to various causes.
topic urolithiasis
hypercalciuria
children
epidemiology
url http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-15-no-1/epidemiology-and-types-of-urolithiasis?aid=1296
work_keys_str_mv AT agnieszkaszmigielska epidemiologyandtypesofurolithiasis
AT piotrskrzypczyk epidemiologyandtypesofurolithiasis
AT małgorzatapanczyktomaszewska epidemiologyandtypesofurolithiasis
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