Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis
Urolithiasis is a lifestyle disease. Sex, age, race, place of residence (geographical region), chronic diseases, lifestyle (including diet) and various genetic factors contribute to the risk of calculus formation within the urinary tract. The prevalence of urolithiasis in adults ranges from 1 to 20%...
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Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.
2019-05-01
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doaj-f2bb06273c724fd28801b18b4a0af29b2020-11-25T02:04:20ZengMedical Communications Sp. z o.o.Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna1734-15312451-07422019-05-01151222510.15557/PiMR.2019.0004Epidemiology and types of urolithiasisAgnieszka Szmigielska0Piotr Skrzypczyk1Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska2Department of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Paediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandUrolithiasis is a lifestyle disease. Sex, age, race, place of residence (geographical region), chronic diseases, lifestyle (including diet) and various genetic factors contribute to the risk of calculus formation within the urinary tract. The prevalence of urolithiasis in adults ranges from 1 to 20%, and children account for 2–10% of patients. The annual incidence of paediatric urolithiasis is estimated at several cases per 100,000 children worldwide; it is the reason for approximately 1 per 1,000 hospitalisations among paediatric patients. The prevalence of urolithiasis has been increasing in both adults and children. In young children, the disease is usually a result of a genetically determined metabolic defect (such as hypercalciuria, distal tubular acidosis, familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, or Lesch–Nyhan syndrome). Another significant risk factor in children is a urinary tract defect with urinary retention. Urinary tract infections, in turn, may be either a cause or a complication of urolithiasis. In older children and adults, malnutrition, obesity and metabolic syndrome play a significant role. Other factors conductive to urolithiasis are: certain drugs, low level of physical activity, long immobilisation, low fluid intake, warm climate, inadequate diet and improper vitamin D3 supplementation. The disease recurs within 5 years in 50% of patients. Urolithiasis and its complications may lead to end-stage renal failure. The disease can be divided into different types based on the chemical composition of a calculus, aetiology of the disease and site of calculus formation (upper or lower urinary tract). The composition of calculi is quite often mixed, and they form due to various causes.http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-15-no-1/epidemiology-and-types-of-urolithiasis?aid=1296urolithiasishypercalciuriachildrenepidemiology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Agnieszka Szmigielska Piotr Skrzypczyk Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska |
spellingShingle |
Agnieszka Szmigielska Piotr Skrzypczyk Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna urolithiasis hypercalciuria children epidemiology |
author_facet |
Agnieszka Szmigielska Piotr Skrzypczyk Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska |
author_sort |
Agnieszka Szmigielska |
title |
Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis |
title_short |
Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis |
title_full |
Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis |
title_fullStr |
Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Epidemiology and types of urolithiasis |
title_sort |
epidemiology and types of urolithiasis |
publisher |
Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. |
series |
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna |
issn |
1734-1531 2451-0742 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Urolithiasis is a lifestyle disease. Sex, age, race, place of residence (geographical region), chronic diseases, lifestyle (including diet) and various genetic factors contribute to the risk of calculus formation within the urinary tract. The prevalence of urolithiasis in adults ranges from 1 to 20%, and children account for 2–10% of patients. The annual incidence of paediatric urolithiasis is estimated at several cases per 100,000 children worldwide; it is the reason for approximately 1 per 1,000 hospitalisations among paediatric patients. The prevalence of urolithiasis has been increasing in both adults and children. In young children, the disease is usually a result of a genetically determined metabolic defect (such as hypercalciuria, distal tubular acidosis, familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, or Lesch–Nyhan syndrome). Another significant risk factor in children is a urinary tract defect with urinary retention. Urinary tract infections, in turn, may be either a cause or a complication of urolithiasis. In older children and adults, malnutrition, obesity and metabolic syndrome play a significant role. Other factors conductive to urolithiasis are: certain drugs, low level of physical activity, long immobilisation, low fluid intake, warm climate, inadequate diet and improper vitamin D3 supplementation. The disease recurs within 5 years in 50% of patients. Urolithiasis and its complications may lead to end-stage renal failure. The disease can be divided into different types based on the chemical composition of a calculus, aetiology of the disease and site of calculus formation (upper or lower urinary tract). The composition of calculi is quite often mixed, and they form due to various causes. |
topic |
urolithiasis hypercalciuria children epidemiology |
url |
http://www.pimr.pl/index.php/issues/2019-vol-15-no-1/epidemiology-and-types-of-urolithiasis?aid=1296 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT agnieszkaszmigielska epidemiologyandtypesofurolithiasis AT piotrskrzypczyk epidemiologyandtypesofurolithiasis AT małgorzatapanczyktomaszewska epidemiologyandtypesofurolithiasis |
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