Buenos Aires (1880-1960). Transferts techniques et culturels

• Main Author: Thibault Bechini
• Format: Article
• Language: deu
• Published: Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art 2015-09-01
• Series: ABE Journal
• Subjects: technical transfer; cultural transfer; inverse transfer; haussmannization; vernacular architecture
• Online Access: http://journals.openedition.org/abe/10839

At the end of the ninetenth century, Buenos Aires was an attractive pole for European migrants. In those years, the city appears as a perpetual worksite which gathered many architects, engineers and builders born on the other side of the Atlantic. If Buenos Aires is often called “Southern Paris”—because of the haussmannization process engaged by the mayor Torcuato de Alvear in the 1880s—the architectural forms of the city highlight the role of cultural and technical transfers in the buildings’ design. A close attention to the building process helps us understand how much the local reception of European canons gave way to improvisation and appropriation, underlining the constant tension between a supposed “model” of urbanization and his Argentine interpretation. Paying attention to the evolution of Buenos Aires houses, it can be shown that the introduction of every new stylistic or technical element is a compromise between the “European modernity” and the vernacular building art. Moreover, understanding the connection between the Argentine building market and the European professionals, such as the architects and engineers, seems decisive. Paying particular attention to Franco-Argentine relations in this sector leads one to realize the importance of the networks between diplomatic, financial and architectural circles. If the Argentine building market can appear as a commercial opportunity for French contractors, we have to mention the “inverse transfers” which allow foreign engineers and architects to benefit of their Argentine experience in their posterior projects and realisations. Thus, the building sector of Buenos Aires not only was a fruitful testing ground for European architectural theories, but also is a case par excellence to enrich our understanding of the debates and interchanges of French and Argentine professionals.