LwTE: Light-Weight Transcoding at the Edge

• Main Authors: Alireza Erfanian, Hadi Amirpour, Farzad Tashtarian, Christian Timmerer, Hermann Hellwagner
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 2021-01-01
• Series: IEEE Access
• Subjects: Video streaming; transcoding; video on demand; edge computing
• Online Access: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9507473/

Due to the growing demand for video streaming services, providers have to deal with increasing resource requirements for increasingly heterogeneous environments. To mitigate this problem, many works have been proposed which aim to (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) improve cloud/edge caching efficiency, (<italic>ii</italic>) use computation power available in the cloud/edge for on-the-fly transcoding, and (<italic>iii</italic>) optimize the trade-off among various cost parameters, <italic>e.g.</italic>, storage, computation, and bandwidth. In this paper, we propose <italic>LwTE</italic>, a novel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>ight-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${w}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>eight <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>ranscoding approach at the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>dge, in the context of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS). During the encoding process of a video segment at the origin side, computationally intense search processes are going on. The main idea of <italic>LwTE</italic> is to store the optimal results of these search processes as metadata for each video bitrate and reuse them at the edge servers to reduce the required time and computational resources for on-the-fly transcoding. <italic>LwTE</italic> enables us to store only the highest bitrate plus corresponding metadata (of very small size) for unpopular video segments/bitrates. In this way, in addition to the significant reduction in bandwidth and storage consumption, the required time for on-the-fly transcoding of a requested segment is remarkably decreased by utilizing its corresponding metadata; unnecessary search processes are avoided. Popular video segments/bitrates are being stored. We investigate our approach for Video-on-Demand (VoD) streaming services by optimizing storage and computation (transcoding) costs at the edge servers and then compare it to conventional methods (store all bitrates, partial transcoding). The results indicate that our approach reduces the transcoding time by at least 80&#x0025; and decreases the aforementioned costs by 12&#x0025; to 70&#x0025; compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.