Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens
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University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK
2020
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| Online Access: | http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024 |
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ndltd-OhioLink-oai-etd.ohiolink.edu-mco1588898652680242021-08-03T07:15:00Z Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens Huynh, An Ngoc Hiep Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Pharmacy Sciences SPF Boosters organic UV filters inorganic UV filters UVA boosting technologies UVB boosting technologies broad-spectrum protection sunscreens physical sunscreen chemical sunscreen There are currently 14 organic and 2 inorganic UV filters approved in the United States. Due to coral reef safety concerns, octinoxate and oxybenzone have been banned in Hawaii, Key West, FL and the US Virgin Islands; and octocrylene is also being studied for its potential impact on coral reef safety, leaving 11 organic UV filters as viable options for sunscreen manufacturers – with limitations on their combination. Since consumers are always looking for sunscreens with high SPF and broad-spectrum protection, the need for UVB and UVA protection boosting technologies is greater than ever. In a preliminary study, about two dozen emollients were scanned for their SPF boosting capability with selected organic UV filters. In this study, our goal was to evaluate whether and to what extent the <i>in vitro</i> SPF and broad-spectrum protection of three selected organic UV filters (homosalate, octisalate and avobenzone) and the two inorganic UV filters (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) can be boosted with three selected emollients (diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, and butyloctyl salicylate), and an SPF boosting ingredient (SunSpheres™). Organic, inorganic and mixed organic/inorganic sunscreens were formulated and tested for stability, viscosity, spreadability (TA.XT<i>Plus</i> texture analyzer), and droplet size; as well as <i>in vitro</i> SPF and broad-spectrum protection (LabSphere 2000S), and water resistance. The results show that C12-15 alkyl benzoate provided the highest <i>in vitro</i> SPF out of three emollients tested for the organic sunscreens. However, this ingredient did not form a stable emulsion with our inorganic ingredients, therefore, butyloctyl salicylate was selected to be used for this research project. Titanium dioxide had a higher <i>in vitro</i> SPF value; however, zinc oxide provided broader spectrum protection. Therefore, zinc oxide was selected to be combined with the organic UV filters. We observed an <i>in vitro</i> SPF increase in the case of all sunscreens after exposing the sunscreens to a 20-minute water bath. We believe that the film-former, i.e., polyamide‑8 and the drying time contributed to higher SPF values after the water bath. All sunscreens had a shear-thinning behavior, which is typical for creams and lotions. Overall, the organic/inorganic UV filter-based sunscreen containing the SunSpheres™ (CS) performed the best in terms of <i>in vitro</i> SPF, water-resistance, and spreadability. 2020 English text University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024 unrestricted This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws. |
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NDLTD |
| language |
English |
| sources |
NDLTD |
| topic |
Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Pharmacy Sciences SPF Boosters organic UV filters inorganic UV filters UVA boosting technologies UVB boosting technologies broad-spectrum protection sunscreens physical sunscreen chemical sunscreen |
| spellingShingle |
Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Pharmacy Sciences SPF Boosters organic UV filters inorganic UV filters UVA boosting technologies UVB boosting technologies broad-spectrum protection sunscreens physical sunscreen chemical sunscreen Huynh, An Ngoc Hiep Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens |
| author |
Huynh, An Ngoc Hiep |
| author_facet |
Huynh, An Ngoc Hiep |
| author_sort |
Huynh, An Ngoc Hiep |
| title |
Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens |
| title_short |
Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens |
| title_full |
Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating UVB and UVA Boosting Technologies for Chemical and Physical Sunscreens |
| title_sort |
evaluating uvb and uva boosting technologies for chemical and physical sunscreens |
| publisher |
University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco158889865268024 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT huynhanngochiep evaluatinguvbanduvaboostingtechnologiesforchemicalandphysicalsunscreens |
| _version_ |
1719457138772803584 |