ON THE HAKKA PUN

• Main Authors: Hsiao, Christy Yun-hsiu, 蕭筠秀
• Other Authors: Teng Shou-hsin
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 1996
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65771135703763036841

碩士 === 國立臺灣師範大學 === 英語學系 === 84 === '分''在客語中扮演著多重的角色,本論文旨在探討'分''在句法或語意上的 用法.'分''為一介詞,能賦予其後的名詞不同的格,如主事格,與格,或目標 格,所以'分''也被視為一格標記.此外,它也是個雙賓動詞與使役動詞.'分'' 與''佢''的併合現象值得進一步的研究. 在客語中的雙賓結構中,兩個'分'' 可同時出現,但此種句型並沒有被動,除非有'係''的標記.不同於國語的 ' 給'','分''沒有處置的語意,但''分''與''將''可同時出現.'分''主要出現在使役 與被動兩大句型.在客語使役結構中,如'喊'','害''或'請''等具有使役語意 之動詞出現時,'分''通常不出現.使役結構有'故意''和'無意''兩種語意.' 分''前後的名詞可有不同或相同的指稱, 其指稱視上下文(context)來決 定.'分''於被動中,標示其後的名詞為主事格.''le''(了)的角色暫定為時態 標記與事況改變標記.通常'分''的出現較國語的'被''受限,多用以表示逆境 或不幸之情況,且有突顯主題的功用.此種語素,值得作進一步跨方言的探 究. Pun is a very versatile morpheme in Hakka; it plays a multiple role in theHakka grammar. First, it is a preposition with the capability to assign itsfollowing NP with different cases, such as an agent case, a dative case or agoal case. Pun is also a ditransitive verb, meaning ''give'' and a cause verbPun and Ki can contract as Pi; this contraction is similar to ''hong'' in Tai-wanese. Pun equips several unique properties. Two puns can co-occur in DoubleObject Construction. However, the occurrence of three puns is forbidden,unlike gei in Mandarin. Besides, pun does not carry the disposal meaning. InHakka, pun is allowed to co-occur with the disposal marker, ''tsiong''. To bebrief, pun is usually present in two major sentence constructions. One iscausative and the other is passive. In Hakka causative, pun can take an NP(either animate or inanimate) or a clause as its subject. Two types of Hakkacausative are classified: one-verb and two-verb. If such verbs as ''ham'',''hoe''''ts''iang'' appear in Hakka causative, then pun is usually absent. Thesemantic functions of Hakka causative may be intentional or unintentional. Thedecisive factor lies in whether the subject has the capability o f performinga volitional action. The basic form for a pun sentence is: NP1 Pun NP2 VPWhen NP2 is the third person pronoun (ki/ki-nem), NP1 and NP2 may refer tothe same thing or different things depending on the context in which theyappear. Two basic properties of Hakka passive are discussed here. First, punin passive marks its following NP as an agent. Next, the syntactic status of''le'' in this thesis is tentatively set as both an aspect marker and a markerof signaling the change in the state of the affairs. Three types of verbcomplements with pun are classified. Generally speaking, pun in passiveeither specifies an inflictive situation or marks the topic prominence. Thisthesis is also expected to shed some light on a cross-dialectal study of thismulti-functional morpheme.