Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials

博士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 森林學研究所 === 92 === The dissertation is focus on wood-base materials that were applied to structure of fire endurance and incombustibility of interior finish for purpose. Firstly, to distinguish the fire-retardant formulations those were treated on the lignocellulosic materials, and...

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Main Authors: Ming-Hsien Lee, 李明賢
Other Authors: Song-Yung Wang
Format: Others
Language:zh-TW
Published: 2004
Online Access:http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69094953846576111454
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description 博士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 森林學研究所 === 92 === The dissertation is focus on wood-base materials that were applied to structure of fire endurance and incombustibility of interior finish for purpose. Firstly, to distinguish the fire-retardant formulations those were treated on the lignocellulosic materials, and to research the relationship of the combustion gas toxicity and the smoke factor. Then, take advantage of wood-base panel to discuss the fire endurance and incombustibility various. Recently, the fire test and requirement are standardization in the world, the test results of incombustibility sometimes varied with the test method used, that will impact on the industry of forest. Those wood-base finish materials were sorted by irradiance density and irradiance time. The difference and the relationship between the test results of those test methods were studied. In order to predict the combustion characteristics of standard change, refer to the improvement and judgment in advance. First of all, on the screening of high performance of fire-retardant formulations: oxygen index method is very suitable for the investigation of the flammability of ligno-cellulosic materials, and for the screening and systematic evaluation of chemicals. It can offer the affection of single chemical, the synergism affect of the fire retardant chemical mixtures, and provide to evaluate the high fire retardation and low toxicity fire-retardant. The oxygen index of single chemicals was ammonium phosphate higher than boride and halide. The fire retardant chemical mixtures of heterogeneous on synergism affect are better than mixture of Homogeneous. Secondary, the evaluation of combustion gas toxicity usually by the concentration of CO2, CO, CO2+CO and consumption of O2, was not enough to explain the incapacitation time of mice; in the opinion on the law of conservation of matter, the smoke factor also provides the reason of the incapacitation time. In this study, weight loss percent could reduce the different of materials tissue, it has a significantly positive effect on the smoke factor than burning weight loss; the incapacitation time of mice is an inverse proportion with the concentration of CO2 and consumption of O2, but they are affected by the smoke factor. During the relationship between the incapacitation time of mice and smoke factor, we could explain why passing “Grade 3 materials incombustibility” in CNS 6532 also could meet the limit of the incapacitation time of mice in CNS 8738. On the manufacture of wood-base panels, depending on the incombustibility or fire endurance, the wood-base panels laminating of wallcovering materials, lining board, steel wire fence and the treatment of fire-retardant, were different performance on test result; thinking about fire endurance of wood structure, all parts were used incombustibility materials, are not economical and to waste the unnecessary chemical. Finally, discussing of the relationships of different fire-resistance test methods, While applied on interior finish lining board, wallcovering materials of buildings, it could evaluate the change of heat release by the total temperature -time area (Tdθ) minus the area of temperature cure of reference board. According to the judgment level of incombustibility for surface test in CNS 6532, the requirement of ignition time in ISO 5657, “Glade 3 incombustibility” and above “Glade 2 incombustibility” materials are over 900 seconds under the irradiance of 20 and 50 kW/m2. All of the grade 3 incombustibility materials met the requirements of the class 3 of CAN/ULC S 135 tested by the cone calorimeter method; on the contrary, the requirement met by the cone calorimeter method does not necessarily meet the requirement by the surface test. Comparing with Japan’s noncombustibility test method is worthy to take as our models, it is not only the heat release considerate, but also the flammability and combustion gas toxicity.
author2 Song-Yung Wang
author_facet Song-Yung Wang
Ming-Hsien Lee
李明賢
author Ming-Hsien Lee
李明賢
spellingShingle Ming-Hsien Lee
李明賢
Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials
author_sort Ming-Hsien Lee
title Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials
title_short Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials
title_full Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials
title_fullStr Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials
title_full_unstemmed Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials
title_sort studies on the screening of the fire-retardant formulations with low combustion gas toxicity and the relationship of different fire resistance test methods for wood-based materials
publishDate 2004
url http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69094953846576111454
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spelling ndltd-TW-092NTU053600412016-06-10T04:15:59Z http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69094953846576111454 Studies on the Screening of the Fire-retardant Formulations with Low Combustion Gas Toxicity and the Relationship of Different Fire Resistance Test Methods for Wood-based Materials 木質材料耐燃低毒燃氣阻燃藥劑選配與不同防火試驗方法相關性探討 Ming-Hsien Lee 李明賢 博士 國立臺灣大學 森林學研究所 92 The dissertation is focus on wood-base materials that were applied to structure of fire endurance and incombustibility of interior finish for purpose. Firstly, to distinguish the fire-retardant formulations those were treated on the lignocellulosic materials, and to research the relationship of the combustion gas toxicity and the smoke factor. Then, take advantage of wood-base panel to discuss the fire endurance and incombustibility various. Recently, the fire test and requirement are standardization in the world, the test results of incombustibility sometimes varied with the test method used, that will impact on the industry of forest. Those wood-base finish materials were sorted by irradiance density and irradiance time. The difference and the relationship between the test results of those test methods were studied. In order to predict the combustion characteristics of standard change, refer to the improvement and judgment in advance. First of all, on the screening of high performance of fire-retardant formulations: oxygen index method is very suitable for the investigation of the flammability of ligno-cellulosic materials, and for the screening and systematic evaluation of chemicals. It can offer the affection of single chemical, the synergism affect of the fire retardant chemical mixtures, and provide to evaluate the high fire retardation and low toxicity fire-retardant. The oxygen index of single chemicals was ammonium phosphate higher than boride and halide. The fire retardant chemical mixtures of heterogeneous on synergism affect are better than mixture of Homogeneous. Secondary, the evaluation of combustion gas toxicity usually by the concentration of CO2, CO, CO2+CO and consumption of O2, was not enough to explain the incapacitation time of mice; in the opinion on the law of conservation of matter, the smoke factor also provides the reason of the incapacitation time. In this study, weight loss percent could reduce the different of materials tissue, it has a significantly positive effect on the smoke factor than burning weight loss; the incapacitation time of mice is an inverse proportion with the concentration of CO2 and consumption of O2, but they are affected by the smoke factor. During the relationship between the incapacitation time of mice and smoke factor, we could explain why passing “Grade 3 materials incombustibility” in CNS 6532 also could meet the limit of the incapacitation time of mice in CNS 8738. On the manufacture of wood-base panels, depending on the incombustibility or fire endurance, the wood-base panels laminating of wallcovering materials, lining board, steel wire fence and the treatment of fire-retardant, were different performance on test result; thinking about fire endurance of wood structure, all parts were used incombustibility materials, are not economical and to waste the unnecessary chemical. Finally, discussing of the relationships of different fire-resistance test methods, While applied on interior finish lining board, wallcovering materials of buildings, it could evaluate the change of heat release by the total temperature -time area (Tdθ) minus the area of temperature cure of reference board. According to the judgment level of incombustibility for surface test in CNS 6532, the requirement of ignition time in ISO 5657, “Glade 3 incombustibility” and above “Glade 2 incombustibility” materials are over 900 seconds under the irradiance of 20 and 50 kW/m2. All of the grade 3 incombustibility materials met the requirements of the class 3 of CAN/ULC S 135 tested by the cone calorimeter method; on the contrary, the requirement met by the cone calorimeter method does not necessarily meet the requirement by the surface test. Comparing with Japan’s noncombustibility test method is worthy to take as our models, it is not only the heat release considerate, but also the flammability and combustion gas toxicity. Song-Yung Wang 王松永 2004 學位論文 ; thesis 121 zh-TW