| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立雲林科技大學 === 營建工程系 === 104 === Construction works nowadays face price-cutting and competition pressures. Outsourcing and subcontracting are being exploited in all levels. The market trend shows that costs are almost transparent and is so difficult to run the business. As a result, small and medium construction companies are forced to downsize their staff levels and cut down costs. Some companies want to save costs and do not take the occupational hygiene and safety management on-site seriously, which also caused high levels of occupational hazards. These companies are being exposed at a high risk. The analysis shows that in accordance with the death numbers and statistics of the construction industry top ten hazardous works from the labour department, accidents tend to happen in the small and medium construction sites and the hazardous category is mostly falling. Insufficient labour safety & hygiene expenses and a lack of skilled safety management are often found in these types of construction sites. Most labours are temp-workers or do not work only for one employer. They also do not have enough safety & hygiene trainings and are unable to identify hazards. Thus, we hope that from the interviews taken, observation and analysis of the data collected will enable the small and medium construction companies to refer to during the construction period and help them to reinforce the safety management works and reduce occupational hazards.
We have found from the research that most accidents are caused due to the carelessness of the management personnel onsite who often take chances. In addition, small and medium construction companies may consider their costs and profits so much that could lead to lacks of manpower or might also employee part-time staff instead of full time to reduce costs. But, part-time safety engineers may be lack of professionalism. We have also found from the on-site safety & hygiene punch-lists that safety equipment and precautions are often not used correctly. 5S Management (i.e. SEIRI, SEITON, SEISO, SEIKETSU & SHITSUKE) are not thoroughly implemented. There are few unsafe actions or incidents occurred when conducting the scaffolding work, for instance the opening of scaffolding is not barricaded and probably closed. Safety rope, safety pin and safety belt are not used while conducting the scaffolding work. Workers fail to use the scaffold facility and set up the safety exit instead they climb up and walk across the scaffolds and buildings directly. On-site induction training, hazardous notifications, self-checks are not fulfilled effectively. Labour check is also showed at a lower frequency.
Key words: Small and Medium-sized Construction Companies and Occupational Hazards.
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