A Study of the Variation of Nasal and Plosive Syllable Codas in Miaoli Sii-Xian Hakka

• Main Authors: LEE,CHING-CHIH, 李慶智
• Other Authors: CHENG,MING-CHUNG
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r5xhks

碩士 === 國立聯合大學 === 客家語言與傳播研究所 === 107 === Based on the different combinations between 6 Hakka phonemes [a, e, i, o, u, ï] and 6 Hakka syllable codas [-m, -n, -ŋ, -p, -t, -k], this study adopted 30 suitable persons of speaking Hakka languages to speak 24 words of [-m]/[-p] syllable codas, 36 words of [-n]/[-t] syllable codas and 18 words of [-ŋ]/[-k] syllable codas, in order to collect the corpus of pronunciation and analyze it to understand the synchronic variation for pasal and plosive syllable codas, as well as inspect that whether such variation for pasal and plosive syllable codas is varied due to aforesaid different syllable codas, and social factors including different sexes, ages, or educational backgrounds? In addition, this study inspected whether a significant variation existed with different colloquial words and short sentences, and inspected the correlation between the syllable codas variation with the similar Mandarin words. So as to infer the causes and trends of syllable codas variation, and further provide with some references for reserving Hakka languages. According the research result, it showed 492 variations in 4680 pronunciations between pasal and plosive syllable codas, even it only accounted for 10.5%, when we put this data into Tongluo Township where is located at Miaoli County, a certified place by Hakka Affairs Council with its 2nd place of Hakka population ratio, more than 60%, and the ratio of its Hakka people of Sii-xian Hakka Dialect is higher than 90%, and the ratio of Hai-lu Hakka Dialect is lower than 30%, as well as being listed by Hakka Affairs Council as a key area of Hakka Culture development, this 10.5% variation is certainly a notable issue. Pasal syllable codas variation is mainly existed between [-m] syllable codas and [-n] syllable codas, and accounted for 87.6% of pasal syllable codas variation. Plosive syllable codas variation is mainly existed between [-p] syllable codas and [-t] syllable codas, and accounted for 57.3% of plosive syllable codas variation. In terms of social factors, it showed a high frequency of variation in younger age groups. For sexes, females will higher than males. Higher educational backgrounds, higher variation. As aforesaid phoneme of pasal syllable codas [-m] with the phoneme [i] has the highest variation of 42.2%, and plosive syllable codas [-p] with the phoneme [ï] has the highest variation of 22.8%. In the analysis of colloquial comparisons with different formalities, it showed that older people would have less acceptance of the impact on colloquial formality. Comparison analysis on similar Mandarin words approved that the policy of promoting “Mandarin” by government has resulted the young Hakka generations’ first language has almost been replaced by Mandarin, or even being the first language for younger generations, so as to negatively transfer the Mandarin language into Hakka language. According to the research result, it showed that the Hakka dialect with pure original tones and 6 finals has faded away along with the younger ages.