Catalysts 3 Esters Esterification 2 Aldehydes 1 Bio-fuels 1 Biodiesel 1 Biolubricant 1 Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst 1 Carbohydrates 1 Carbon 1 Carbon catalysts 1 Catalysis 1 Energy conservation 1 Ester conversion 1 Ester formation 1 Ethyl levulinate 1 Fatty acid methyl ester 1 Fatty acids 1 Fuel additives 1 Furfural 1 Gas chromatography 1 Ionic liquids 1 Kinetic and thermodynamic 1 Kinetic study 1 Kinetics 1 Kinetics and thermodynamics 1 Levulinic acid 1 Mechanism model 1 Mechanism modeling 1 Mechanism studies 1