| Summary: | This research aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of phenolic compounds by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) from <i>Cornulaca monacantha</i> Del., a species of the Chenopodiaceae family, using response surface methodology (RSM). A three-level Box–Behnken Design was used to investigate the following three factors of extraction conditions: solid-to-liquid ratio (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), extraction temperature (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and extraction time (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). The optimized UAE extraction conditions obtained were: (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) = 0.5:10 g/mL, (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) = 45 °C, and (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) = 30 min. Once the extraction conditions of the phenolic compounds had been optimized, this protocol was applied to another plant of the same family, <i>Anabasis articulata</i> (Frossk.) Moq. The optimum values of extraction yield, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were respectively 14.68%, 37.27 (µg GAE/mg DE), and 7.21 (µg QE/mg DE) for <i>Cornulaca monacantha</i> Del., and 13.56%, 58.38 (µg GAE/mg DE), and 6.44 (µg QE/mg DE) for <i>Anabasis articulata</i> (Frossk.) Moq. <i>Anabasis articulata</i> (Frossk.) Moq. has a significantly higher antioxidant potential than <i>Cornulaca monacantha</i> Del. due to its high content of phenolic compounds (TPC). The high concentration of these plants in phenolic compounds validates their potential for traditional medicinal use.
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