Predictors of depression and suicidality among children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS

• Published in: South African Journal of Psychiatry
• Main Authors: Umar B. Musami, Jibril Abdulmalik, Victor C. Onyencho, Yesiru A. Kareem, Choja A. Oduaran, Abdurrahman Ashiru, Abdu W. Ibrahim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: AOSIS 2025-09-01
• Subjects: adolescents; aids; children; depression; hiv; nigeria; suicide
• Online Access: https://sajp.org.za/index.php/sajp/article/view/2440
• ISSN: 1608-9685; 2078-6786

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and affective disorders often coexist, leading to suboptimal health outcomes. Poor management of this comorbidity can result in decreased medication adherence, increased hospitalisations and diminished quality of life. Aim: To determine the predictors and correlates of depression and suicidality among children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Setting: This study was conducted at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 160 children and adolescents with HIV and AIDS who are attending ART clinics. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling approach. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), which is both a screening and diagnostic instrument, was administered to identify those with depression and suicidality. Results: Suicidality and depression rates were found to be 30.6% and 45.0%, respectively. Frequent hospital admissions and medication non-adherence were significantly associated with both depression and suicidality. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant mental health burden among children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS. The association between frequent hospitalisations, medication non-adherence and emotional disorders emphasises the need for integrated mental health services within HIV and AIDS care. Contribution: This study offers insightful information about the mental health situation of children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS (CALWHA), contributing to a deeper understanding of their unique needs and informing the development of targeted interventions.