| Summary: | Air pollution in China has improved in recent years, but Central Shaanxi region continues to face great pressure and challenges in pollution control due to its unique geographical location and climatic conditions. The regional and complex air pollution, characterized by ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), is becoming increasingly serious. More meticulous observation data are needed to clarify the causes of air pollution and provide scientific support for control policies. This dataset comprises the data on the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere obtained by gas analyzer in Gaoxinzi Observation Site of the National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in Guanzhong Plain. Weather stations collected data on temperature, humidity, air pressure, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological parameters around the station. Offline PM<sub>2.5</sub> filter membranes were measured and the mass concentrations were analyzed. The observation site is located in the urban area of Xi ′an, Shaanxi Province. The data covers the period from January 2019 to December 2020 with a resolution of <sc>5 minutes</sc> for pollution gas data, one minute for meteorological data, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected every 24 hours. Online instruments are calibrated monthly to ensure data quality, while the offline PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampler is calibrated and maintained weekly to ensure its data quality. This dataset can provide fundamental data records for the atmospheric environment in Central Shaanxi Province and offer data support for further pollution evaluation, control, and treatment. Moreover, it can give researchers scientific insights into the processes, casual mechanisms, as well as prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in Central Shaanxi Province.
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