| Summary: | Larix gmelinii Rupr. is a dominant species in boreal forests, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological stability across Northeast Asia. However, comparative studies on the climate-growth relationships under different climates remain poorly understood. Here, we compared the climate-growth responses of L. gmelinii from three regions: the Daxing’an Mountains in China (C site; field sampling), the Turgon-Chakira Mountains in Mongolia (M site; ITRDB data), and Sakhalin Island in Russia (R site; ITRDB data). Future growth trends were simulated using a modified VS-Lite model. Results showed: At the C site, growth was negatively correlated with February–April temperatures and April water availability, likely due to waterlogging from snowmelt. At the M site, growth responded positively to June–July moisture of the previous year, reflecting moisture limitations in semi-arid conditions. At the R site, growth was enhanced by summer temperatures, highlighting the temperature constraints in humid environments. Moving correlation analysis revealed that warming amplified drought stress at the C and M sites, whereas growth at the R site became increasingly temperature-dependent. Under future SSP scenarios, projections diverged markedly: growth is expected to decline at the C site due to drought stress, suggesting the need to cultivate drought-tolerant varieties; trees at the M site may benefit from warming but require enhanced moisture replenishment; while at the R site, continued growth increases may necessitate improved ventilation and drainage to avoid excessive moisture.
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