Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS)
Ultra-high contrast (UHC) MRI describes forms of MRI in which little or no contrast is seen on conventional MRI images but very high contrast is seen with UHC techniques. One of these techniques uses the divided subtracted inversion recovery (dSIR) sequence, which, in modelling studies, can produce...
| الحاوية / القاعدة: | Tomography |
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| المؤلفون الرئيسيون: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | مقال |
| اللغة: | الإنجليزية |
| منشور في: |
MDPI AG
2024-06-01
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | https://www.mdpi.com/2379-139X/10/7/74 |
| _version_ | 1850333245523099648 |
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| author | Paul Condron Daniel M. Cornfeld Miriam Scadeng Tracy R. Melzer Gil Newburn Mark Bydder Eryn E. Kwon Joshua P. McGeown Geoffrey G. Handsfield Taylor Emsden Maryam Tayebi Samantha J. Holdsworth Graeme M. Bydder |
| author_facet | Paul Condron Daniel M. Cornfeld Miriam Scadeng Tracy R. Melzer Gil Newburn Mark Bydder Eryn E. Kwon Joshua P. McGeown Geoffrey G. Handsfield Taylor Emsden Maryam Tayebi Samantha J. Holdsworth Graeme M. Bydder |
| author_sort | Paul Condron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| container_title | Tomography |
| description | Ultra-high contrast (UHC) MRI describes forms of MRI in which little or no contrast is seen on conventional MRI images but very high contrast is seen with UHC techniques. One of these techniques uses the divided subtracted inversion recovery (dSIR) sequence, which, in modelling studies, can produce ten times the contrast of conventional inversion recovery (IR) sequences. When used in cases of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the dSIR sequence frequently shows extensive abnormalities in white matter that appears normal when imaged with conventional T<sub>2</sub>-fluid-attenuated IR (T<sub>2</sub>-FLAIR) sequences. The changes are bilateral and symmetrical in white matter of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. They partially spare the anterior and posterior central corpus callosum and peripheral white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and are described as the whiteout sign. In addition to mTBI, the whiteout sign has also been seen in methamphetamine use disorder and Grinker’s myelinopathy (delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy) in the absence of abnormalities on T<sub>2</sub>-FLAIR images, and is a central component of post-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes. This paper describes the concept of ultra-high contrast MRI, the whiteout sign, the theory underlying the use of dSIR sequences and post-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4c91cd48264f4e6287ca19b2801c8f85 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| issn | 2379-1381 2379-139X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| spelling | doaj-art-4c91cd48264f4e6287ca19b2801c8f852025-08-19T23:17:15ZengMDPI AGTomography2379-13812379-139X2024-06-01107983101310.3390/tomography10070074Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS)Paul Condron0Daniel M. Cornfeld1Miriam Scadeng2Tracy R. Melzer3Gil Newburn4Mark Bydder5Eryn E. Kwon6Joshua P. McGeown7Geoffrey G. Handsfield8Taylor Emsden9Maryam Tayebi10Samantha J. Holdsworth11Graeme M. Bydder12Mātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandMātai Medical Research Institute, Tairāwhiti Gisborne 4010, New ZealandUltra-high contrast (UHC) MRI describes forms of MRI in which little or no contrast is seen on conventional MRI images but very high contrast is seen with UHC techniques. One of these techniques uses the divided subtracted inversion recovery (dSIR) sequence, which, in modelling studies, can produce ten times the contrast of conventional inversion recovery (IR) sequences. When used in cases of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the dSIR sequence frequently shows extensive abnormalities in white matter that appears normal when imaged with conventional T<sub>2</sub>-fluid-attenuated IR (T<sub>2</sub>-FLAIR) sequences. The changes are bilateral and symmetrical in white matter of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. They partially spare the anterior and posterior central corpus callosum and peripheral white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and are described as the whiteout sign. In addition to mTBI, the whiteout sign has also been seen in methamphetamine use disorder and Grinker’s myelinopathy (delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy) in the absence of abnormalities on T<sub>2</sub>-FLAIR images, and is a central component of post-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes. This paper describes the concept of ultra-high contrast MRI, the whiteout sign, the theory underlying the use of dSIR sequences and post-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes.https://www.mdpi.com/2379-139X/10/7/74ultra-high contrastmagnetic resonance imagingwhiteout signdivided subtracted inversion recoverypost-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromesT<sub>1</sub>-bipolar filter |
| spellingShingle | Paul Condron Daniel M. Cornfeld Miriam Scadeng Tracy R. Melzer Gil Newburn Mark Bydder Eryn E. Kwon Joshua P. McGeown Geoffrey G. Handsfield Taylor Emsden Maryam Tayebi Samantha J. Holdsworth Graeme M. Bydder Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS) ultra-high contrast magnetic resonance imaging whiteout sign divided subtracted inversion recovery post-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes T<sub>1</sub>-bipolar filter |
| title | Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS) |
| title_full | Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS) |
| title_fullStr | Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS) |
| title_short | Ultra-High Contrast MRI: The Whiteout Sign Shown with Divided Subtracted Inversion Recovery (dSIR) Sequences in Post-Insult Leukoencephalopathy Syndromes (PILS) |
| title_sort | ultra high contrast mri the whiteout sign shown with divided subtracted inversion recovery dsir sequences in post insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes pils |
| topic | ultra-high contrast magnetic resonance imaging whiteout sign divided subtracted inversion recovery post-insult leukoencephalopathy syndromes T<sub>1</sub>-bipolar filter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2379-139X/10/7/74 |
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