Recent Development of Nickel-Rich and Cobalt-Free Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The exponential growth in the production of electric vehicles requires an increasing supply of low-cost, high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The increased production of lithium-ion batteries raises concerns over the availability of raw materials, especially cobalt for batteries with nickel-rich...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Batteries
Main Authors: Lukman Noerochim, Suwarno Suwarno, Nurul Hayati Idris, Hermawan K. Dipojono
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/4/84
Description
Summary:The exponential growth in the production of electric vehicles requires an increasing supply of low-cost, high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The increased production of lithium-ion batteries raises concerns over the availability of raw materials, especially cobalt for batteries with nickel-rich cathodes, in which these constraints can impact the high price of cobalt. The reliance on cobalt in these cathodes is worrisome because it is a high-cost, rare material, with an unstable supply chain. This review describes the need and feasibility of developing cobalt-free high-nickel cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The new type of cathode material, LiNi<sub>1−x−y</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>Al<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> promises a completely cobalt-free composition with almost the same electrochemical performance as that of the conventional high-nickel cathode. Therefore, this new type of cathode needs further research for its commercial applications.
ISSN:2313-0105