| Summary: | In our search for bioactive components, various chromatographic separations of the organic fractions from <i>Filipendula glaberrima</i> leaves led to the isolation of a new ellagitannin and a triterpenoid, along with 26 known compounds. The structures of the isolates were determined based on their spectroscopic properties and chemical evidence, which were then evaluated for their antioxidant activities, inhibitory activities on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, and foam cell formation in THP-1 cells to prevent atherosclerosis. Rugosin B methyl ester (<b>1</b>) showed the best HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and significantly reduced ox-low-density lipoprotein-induced THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell formation at 25 µM. In addition, no cytotoxicity was observed in THP-1 cells at 50 μg/mL of all extracts in the macrophage foam cell formation assay. Therefore, <i>F. glaberrima</i> extract containing <b>1</b> is promising in the development of dietary supplements due to its potential behavior as a novel source of nutrients for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
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