| 總結: | Smart buildings are being built as a synergetic deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources. Smart charging of EVs and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies are seen as way forward in this context in terms of achieving economic, technological, and environmental advantages. This paper proposes a framework for multi-objective techno-economic optimization for profit maximization of multiple inter-connected buildings (with bilateral contracts) and scheduling of EVs. The optimization problem is modeled as mixed integer linear programming problem, which is solved using CPLEX solver in ILOG optimization studio. The primary building owns the photovoltaic system coupled with storage and charging infrastructure for the fleet of EVs. The optimized charging of EVs at affordable rates using local resources at primary building assists the grid in managing the EVs’ load during peak hours. Results indicate that the primary building gains up to 62% daily profit after factoring in solar, storage, and charging station deployment costs. Additionally, secondary buildings (without solar, storage and charging facilities) earn up to 20% cost savings depending upon the nature of bilateral contracts with primary building. The results further suggest that fleet of EVs gains 35%–65% savings in charging cost based on lower charging rates and V2X operations with primary and secondary buildings.
|
|---|
