Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents
In this work, we implement a dual frequency (24 kHz and 1174 kHz) ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation (ULPE) technique in deionized water (DIW) and other eco-friendly solvents, to produce a variety of high-quality few-layer graphene (FLG) solutions under controlled ultrasonication condition...
| الحاوية / القاعدة: | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
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| المؤلفون الرئيسيون: | , , , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | مقال |
| اللغة: | الإنجليزية |
| منشور في: |
Elsevier
2024-08-01
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002025 |
| _version_ | 1850336056348508160 |
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| author | Amanpreet Kaur Justin A. Morton Anastasia V. Tyurnina Abhinav Priyadarshi Morteza Ghorbani Jiawei Mi Kyriakos Porfyrakis Dmitry G. Eskin Iakovos Tzanakis |
| author_facet | Amanpreet Kaur Justin A. Morton Anastasia V. Tyurnina Abhinav Priyadarshi Morteza Ghorbani Jiawei Mi Kyriakos Porfyrakis Dmitry G. Eskin Iakovos Tzanakis |
| author_sort | Amanpreet Kaur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| container_title | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry |
| description | In this work, we implement a dual frequency (24 kHz and 1174 kHz) ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation (ULPE) technique in deionized water (DIW) and other eco-friendly solvents, to produce a variety of high-quality few-layer graphene (FLG) solutions under controlled ultrasonication conditions. The resulting FLG dispersions of variable sizes (∼0.2–1.5 μm2) confirmed by characterisation techniques comprising UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). For the first time we demonstrate that high yield of FLG flakes with minimal defects, stable for 6 + months in a solution (stability ∼ 70 %), can be obtained in less than 1-hour of treatment in either water/ethanol (DIW:EtOH) or water/isopropyl alcohol (DIW:IPA) eco-friendly mixtures.We also scrutinized the underlying mechanisms of cavitation using high-speed imaging synchronized with acoustic pressure measurements. The addition of ethanol or IPA to deionized water is proposed to play a central role in exfoliation as it regulates the extend of the cavitation zone, the intensity of the ultrasonic field and, thus, the cavitation effectiveness. Our study revealed that lateral sizes of the obtained FLG depend on the choice of exfoliating media and the diameter of a sonotrode used. This variability offers flexibility in producing FLG of different sizes, applicable in a wide spectrum of size-specific applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70ebff96993a4cd892fec5ea06337705 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| issn | 1350-4177 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| spelling | doaj-art-70ebff96993a4cd892fec5ea063377052025-08-19T23:16:11ZengElsevierUltrasonics Sonochemistry1350-41772024-08-0110810695410.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106954Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solventsAmanpreet Kaur0Justin A. Morton1Anastasia V. Tyurnina2Abhinav Priyadarshi3Morteza Ghorbani4Jiawei Mi5Kyriakos Porfyrakis6Dmitry G. Eskin7Iakovos Tzanakis8Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP Wheatley, Oxford, OX33 1HX, UK; Corresponding authors.Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP Wheatley, Oxford, OX33 1HX, UK; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UKBrunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, London, UB8 3PH, UKFaculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP Wheatley, Oxford, OX33 1HX, UKFaculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, Hull, HU6 7RX, UKFaculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UKBrunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, London, UB8 3PH, UKFaculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP Wheatley, Oxford, OX33 1HX, UK; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK; Corresponding authors.In this work, we implement a dual frequency (24 kHz and 1174 kHz) ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation (ULPE) technique in deionized water (DIW) and other eco-friendly solvents, to produce a variety of high-quality few-layer graphene (FLG) solutions under controlled ultrasonication conditions. The resulting FLG dispersions of variable sizes (∼0.2–1.5 μm2) confirmed by characterisation techniques comprising UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). For the first time we demonstrate that high yield of FLG flakes with minimal defects, stable for 6 + months in a solution (stability ∼ 70 %), can be obtained in less than 1-hour of treatment in either water/ethanol (DIW:EtOH) or water/isopropyl alcohol (DIW:IPA) eco-friendly mixtures.We also scrutinized the underlying mechanisms of cavitation using high-speed imaging synchronized with acoustic pressure measurements. The addition of ethanol or IPA to deionized water is proposed to play a central role in exfoliation as it regulates the extend of the cavitation zone, the intensity of the ultrasonic field and, thus, the cavitation effectiveness. Our study revealed that lateral sizes of the obtained FLG depend on the choice of exfoliating media and the diameter of a sonotrode used. This variability offers flexibility in producing FLG of different sizes, applicable in a wide spectrum of size-specific applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002025Few-layer grapheneAcoustic pressureUltrasonic exfoliationEco-friendly solutionShock wave emission |
| spellingShingle | Amanpreet Kaur Justin A. Morton Anastasia V. Tyurnina Abhinav Priyadarshi Morteza Ghorbani Jiawei Mi Kyriakos Porfyrakis Dmitry G. Eskin Iakovos Tzanakis Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents Few-layer graphene Acoustic pressure Ultrasonic exfoliation Eco-friendly solution Shock wave emission |
| title | Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents |
| title_full | Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents |
| title_fullStr | Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents |
| title_short | Dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents |
| title_sort | dual frequency ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation method for the production of few layer graphene in green solvents |
| topic | Few-layer graphene Acoustic pressure Ultrasonic exfoliation Eco-friendly solution Shock wave emission |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002025 |
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