| 要約: | Introduction
Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer linked to
smoking and the variations in trends across different locations, is crucial for
developing effective prevention strategies. In this study, we present findings on
the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted
life years (DALYs) rate attributed to smoking in 204 countries and territories
spanning 21 regions from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease
Study (GBD) 2019, which assessed 369 diseases and injuries, as well as 87 risk
factors in 204 countries and 21 regions. To assess the trend in ASDR and agestandardized
DALYs rate, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was
utilized.
Results
Between 1990 and 2019, smoking was found to be associated with a
decrease in ASDR (EAPC = -2.20) and age-standardized DALYs (EAPC = -2.42)
rates for gastric cancer. As the sociodemographic index (SDI) increased, the
decline in rates also increased gradually. However, the decline was smallest in
regions with low SDI (EAPC ASDR = -1.34; EAPC age-standardized DALYs rate = -1.38). In
21 regions, both ASDR and DALYs rates experienced a decline. The smallest
decline in ASDR was observed in Western Sub-Saharan Africa, with an EAPC
of -0.80, while the smallest decline in DALYs rate was found in Oceania, with
an EAPC of -0.81. Among the 204 countries analyzed, the Dominican Republic
showed the highest increase in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPC ASDR
= 1.19; EAPC age-standardized DALYs rate = 1.21), followed by Afghanistan (EAPC ASDR =
1.09; EAPC age-standardized DALYs rate = 1.09) and Sao Tome and Principe (EAPC ASDR =
1.05; EAPC age-standardized DALYs rate = 1.03). In the year 2019, the highest ASDR and
age-standardized DALYs rate was observed in East Asia, with the highest rates
occurring in Mongolia.
Conclusions
The burden of stomach cancer worldwide, adjusted for age, and
related to smoking, has shown a decline from 1990 to 2019. However, regional
disparities have been identified, with some areas experiencing an increase in this
burden. These regions with a higher burden emphasize the necessity for the
implementation of strong tobacco control measures.
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