The Effect of Welding Parameters on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of AA6061-T6/CF-PPS Friction Stir Lap Welding Joints

• Published in: Metals
• Main Authors: Wenhao Xu, Yongyong Lin, Qiaobo Feng, Yangjun Wang, Jie Wang, Sizhe Niu, Ming Lou
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2025-09-01
• Subjects: friction stir lap welding; aluminum alloy; dissimilar materials connection; welding parameters; joint strength
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/9/1049

The application of lightweight materials in the automotive industry can effectively achieve further weight reduction while maintaining overall structural strength, thereby reducing energy consumption. Currently, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is the primary method for joining carbon fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF-PPS) with aluminum alloys. This study successfully achieved the connection between 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and CF-PPS using the more operationally convenient friction stir lap welding (FSLW) technique. The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential of expanding the welding technologies available for successfully joining these two dissimilar materials. The joint morphology and strength were analyzed through metallographic observation and tensile testing, and the effects of different welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints were studied. The study demonstrated that the successful connection between AA6061-T6 and CF-PPS was primarily attributable to the combined effects of mechanical interlocking and mixture bonding. The joint strength demonstrated a maximum value of 9.41 MPa when the following parameters were set: a rotation speed of 1800 rpm, a welding speed of 40 mm/min, and a plunge depth of 0.2 mm. Although low rotation speed and low welding speed cannot form an effective mechanical interlocking structure for the joint, the failed joints have different causes. When the rotation and welding speeds are fixed, changing the plunge depth cannot change the interlocking structure of the joint. A larger plunge depth will thin the weld and greatly reduce the joint strength.