| Summary: | This study was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oils from seven <i>Eucalyptus</i> species (<i>E. griffithsii</i>, <i>E. hemiphloia</i>, <i>E. lesouefii</i>, <i>E. longicornis</i>, <i>E. pyriformis</i>, <i>E. viminalis</i>, and <i>E. wandoo</i>), as well as their phytotoxic and antibacterial activities. The essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS and the potential in vitro phytotoxicity was evaluated against germination and radical elongation of <i>Raphanus sativus</i>, <i>Lolium multiflorum</i>, and <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> seeds. The antibiofilm activity was studied against both Gram-negative (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>) bacteria. The inhibition of biofilm formation and its metabolism was determined at different times. Eucalyptol was the most abundant component in all essential oils studied (ranging from 40.8% for <i>E. lesouefii</i> EO to 73.6% for <i>E. wandoo</i>) except for that of <i>E. pyriformis</i> where it was present but at 15.1%. <i>E. pyriformis</i> was the most active against both germination and radical elongation of <i>S. arvensis</i>. The action of all essential oils proved to be highly effective in inhibiting the bacterial adhesion process of the five strains considered. In light of these results, these essential oils could have potential applications both in the agricultural and health fields.
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