Effects of combined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programed death 1 ligand-receptor blockade on interferon-gamma production in bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle

Background and Aim: In chronic viral infections, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) significantly suppress immune responses. The CTLA-4 receptor abundance in regulatory T cells showed a positive association with viral load and a negative associ...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Veterinary World
Main Authors:	Sergey Borovikov, Kanat Tursunov, Zhansaya Adish, Laura Tokhtarova, Kanatbek Mukantayev
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Veterinary World 2024-07-01
Subjects:	bovine bovine leukemia virus cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 interferon-gamma programmed death ligand 1.
Online Access:	https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/August-2024/3.pdf