| Summary: | <pre style="text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #000000;">Several</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">studies</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">have</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">examined</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">humanitarian</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Civil-Military </span><span style="color: #000000;">Cooperation</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (</span><span style="color: #000000;">CIMIC</span><span style="color: #000000;">) in </span><span style="color: #000000;">post</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">conflict</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">environments</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">However</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">there</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">has</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">been</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">limited</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">focus</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">on</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">establishing</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">making</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">available</span><span style="color: #000000;"> an </span><span style="color: #000000;">institutional</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">setup</span><span style="color: #000000;"> for </span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">welfare</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">which</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">harnesses</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">CIMIC</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">experiences</span><span style="color: #000000;"> in </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">post</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">conflict</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">rehabilitation</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">phase</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">This</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">paper</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">aims</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">to</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">address</span><span style="color: #000000;"> this </span><span style="color: #000000;">gap</span><span style="color: #000000;"> in </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Newly</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Merged</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Districts</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (</span><span style="color: #000000;">NMDs</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Pakistan, </span><span style="color: #000000;">where</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">local</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">population</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">experienced</span><span style="color: #000000;"> a </span><span style="color: #000000;">series</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">crises</span><span style="color: #000000;"> in </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">form</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">terrorism</span><span style="color: #000000;">, subsequent </span><span style="color: #000000;">military</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">operations</span><span style="color: #000000;">, and </span><span style="color: #000000;">conflict</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">induced</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">internal</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">displacement</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">making</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">children</span><span style="color: #000000;">, in </span><span style="color: #000000;">particular</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">extremely</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">vulnerable</span><span style="color: #000000;">. In </span><span style="color: #000000;">doing</span><span style="color: #000000;"> so, </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">paper</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">outlines</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">underreported</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">vulnerabilities</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">related</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">to</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">children</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">NMDs</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">further</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">identifies</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">related</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">institutional</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">dynamics</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">CIMIC</span><span style="color: #000000;"> in </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">immediate</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">post</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">conflict</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">environment</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">The</span><span style="color: #000000;"> key </span><span style="color: #000000;">findings</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">encompass</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">delineation</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">direct</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">indirect</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">vulnerabilities</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">identification</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> a </span><span style="color: #000000;">lack</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">distinction</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">between</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">welfare</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">protection</span><span style="color: #000000;"> for </span><span style="color: #000000;">adequate</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">redressal</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">policies</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">Regarding</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">pre</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">existing</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">institutional</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">infrastructure</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">study</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">confirms</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> prominent </span><span style="color: #000000;">role</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> national and international </span><span style="color: #000000;">development</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">organizations</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">further</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">validates</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">discord</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">between</span><span style="color: #000000;"> relevant </span><span style="color: #000000;">government</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">departments</span><span style="color: #000000;"> in </span><span style="color: #000000;">providing</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">welfare</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">services</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">Furthermore</span><span style="color: #000000;">, this </span><span style="color: #000000;">research</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">argues</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">that</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Pakistan </span><span style="color: #000000;">military</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">deployed</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">throughout</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">former</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Federally</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Administered</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Tribal</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Areas</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (FATA) </span><span style="color: #000000;">effectively</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">utilized</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">pre</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">existing</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">social</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">tribal</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">hierarchy</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">to</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">provide</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">protection</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">development</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">services</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">The</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">research</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">suggests</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">that</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Provincial</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Disaster</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Management </span><span style="color: #000000;">Authority</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (</span><span style="color: #000000;">PDMA</span><span style="color: #000000;">), </span><span style="color: #000000;">specifically</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">through</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">its</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Gender</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">Child</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Cell</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">collaborates</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">closely</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">with</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Social</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Welfare</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Department</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #000000;">which</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">is</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">responsible</span><span style="color: #000000;"> for </span><span style="color: #000000;">providing</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">child</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">protection</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">welfare</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">services</span><span style="color: #000000;"> in </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">post</span><span style="color: #000000;">-</span><span style="color: #000000;">merger</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">environment</span><span style="color: #000000;">. </span><span style="color: #000000;">The</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">objective</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> this </span><span style="color: #000000;">collaborative</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">effort</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">is</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">to</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">facilitate</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">effective</span><span style="color: #000000;"> and </span><span style="color: #000000;">practical</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">implementation</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">of</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Child</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Protection</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">Units</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (CPUs) in </span><span style="color: #000000;">the</span><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">NMDs</span><span style="color: #000000;">.</span></pre><!-- p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; } -->
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