Cognitive impairment of neurodegenerative diseases

• Published in: Медицинский совет
• Main Authors: V. V. Zakharov, N. V. Vakhnina
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Remedium Group LLC 2013-12-01
• Subjects: когнитивные нарушения; болезнь альцгеймера; деменция с тельцами леви; лобно-височная дегенерация; cognitive impairment; alzheimer's disease; dementia with lewy bodies; frontotemporal degeneration
• Online Access: https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/981

The overview is based on modern Russian and global data on the prevalence, genetic and environmental risk factors, pathogenesis, disease pattern, diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) are the most widespread. The etiology of the diseases is largely determined by genetic predisposition and the impact of external environmental factors. The role of impaired metabolism of cerebral proteins in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is also highlighted. Disease patters of AD and FTD are characterized by cognitive disorders, while LBD is associated with cognitive disorders in combination with movement and early psychotic disorders. Two types of brain imaging - structural and functional - are becoming increasingly relevant in diagnostics, as they help to get an accurate diagnosis in the early stages. Memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are prescribed for the treatment of AD and DLB; for FTD, serotonergic drugs are indicated.