Persistent left superior vena cava with retrograde flow and absent coronary sinus in a child with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus

Coronary sinus (CS) defects are rare congenital cardiac anomalies that occur in isolation or with other congenital heart diseases. Persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) is a relatively common entity that usually drains into the CS, is of no hemodynamic consequence, and is easily diagnosed on ech...

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