A Comparison of Alternative Fuels for Shipping in Terms of Lifecycle Energy and Cost

Decarbonization of the shipping sector is inevitable and can be made by transitioning into low- or zero-carbon marine fuels. This paper reviews 22 potential pathways, including conventional Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) marine fuel as a reference case, “blue” alternative fuel produced from natural gas, and “...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Energies
Main Authors:	Li Chin Law, Beatrice Foscoli, Epaminondas Mastorakos, Stephen Evans
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Subjects:	maritime marine fuel alternative fuels decarbonization hydrogen ammonia
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8502

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