The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite
The processing route of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> carbides is shorter than that of nitrides, which can potentially be used for cost-effective mid-performance magnets’ production. The magnetic properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<sub>&...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/4/472 |
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| author | Vladislav A. Mikheev Igor G. Bordyuzhin Mikhail V. Gorshenkov Elena S. Savchenko Irina V. Dorofievich Igor V. Shchetinin |
| author_facet | Vladislav A. Mikheev Igor G. Bordyuzhin Mikhail V. Gorshenkov Elena S. Savchenko Irina V. Dorofievich Igor V. Shchetinin |
| author_sort | Vladislav A. Mikheev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| container_title | Metals |
| description | The processing route of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> carbides is shorter than that of nitrides, which can potentially be used for cost-effective mid-performance magnets’ production. The magnetic properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<sub><i>x</i></sub> compounds can be controlled at the annealing step, which allows them to be used for a variety of applications. In this work, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used for characterization of the structure and magnetic properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i> compounds. The powder samples were prepared by high-energy ball milling of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> mixtures with carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphite with subsequent annealing. The formation of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i> compounds after annealing was followed by the formation of α-Fe and amorphous Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The hyperfine field values of Fe atoms of all the Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> lattice sites increased by 12% on average after annealing that was caused by carbon diffusion. The coercivity of the samples peaked after annealing at 375 °C. The samples with CNT demonstrated an increase of up to 14% in coercivity and 5% in specific remanence in the range of 250–375 °C annealing temperatures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a37d54d5c4db4ecea6011a2e682fbebc |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| spelling | doaj-art-a37d54d5c4db4ecea6011a2e682fbebc2025-08-20T00:29:36ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-04-0114447210.3390/met14040472The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or GraphiteVladislav A. Mikheev0Igor G. Bordyuzhin1Mikhail V. Gorshenkov2Elena S. Savchenko3Irina V. Dorofievich4Igor V. Shchetinin5Department of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky Prospekt 4 Bld.1, Moscow 119049, RussiaDepartment of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky Prospekt 4 Bld.1, Moscow 119049, RussiaDepartment of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky Prospekt 4 Bld.1, Moscow 119049, RussiaDepartment of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky Prospekt 4 Bld.1, Moscow 119049, RussiaDepartment of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky Prospekt 4 Bld.1, Moscow 119049, RussiaDepartment of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», Leninsky Prospekt 4 Bld.1, Moscow 119049, RussiaThe processing route of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> carbides is shorter than that of nitrides, which can potentially be used for cost-effective mid-performance magnets’ production. The magnetic properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<sub><i>x</i></sub> compounds can be controlled at the annealing step, which allows them to be used for a variety of applications. In this work, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used for characterization of the structure and magnetic properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i> compounds. The powder samples were prepared by high-energy ball milling of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> mixtures with carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphite with subsequent annealing. The formation of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i> compounds after annealing was followed by the formation of α-Fe and amorphous Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The hyperfine field values of Fe atoms of all the Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> lattice sites increased by 12% on average after annealing that was caused by carbon diffusion. The coercivity of the samples peaked after annealing at 375 °C. The samples with CNT demonstrated an increase of up to 14% in coercivity and 5% in specific remanence in the range of 250–375 °C annealing temperatures.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/4/472Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> carbidesSm-Fe-CSm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i>carbon nanotubeshigh-energy ball milling |
| spellingShingle | Vladislav A. Mikheev Igor G. Bordyuzhin Mikhail V. Gorshenkov Elena S. Savchenko Irina V. Dorofievich Igor V. Shchetinin The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> carbides Sm-Fe-C Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i> carbon nanotubes high-energy ball milling |
| title | The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite |
| title_full | The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite |
| title_fullStr | The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite |
| title_short | The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<em><sub>x</sub></em> Compounds Prepared from Ball-Milled Mixtures of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> and Carbon Nanotubes or Graphite |
| title_sort | structure and magnetic properties of sm sub 2 sub fe sub 17 sub c em sub x sub em compounds prepared from ball milled mixtures of sm sub 2 sub fe sub 17 sub and carbon nanotubes or graphite |
| topic | Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> carbides Sm-Fe-C Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>C<i><sub>x</sub></i> carbon nanotubes high-energy ball milling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/4/472 |
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