| Summary: | Background: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence on the use of <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> (<i>S. salivarius</i>) probiotics as prophylactic or therapeutic tools for pediatric oral, dental, and respiratory diseases. Methods: A comprehensive search was carried out across multiple databases using the following terms: <i>S. salivarius</i>, probiotic, children, pediatric. Results: The systematic literature search identified 613 publications, which were meticulously screened, and, ultimately, 15 suitable citations were included in this systematic review. Three strains of <i>S. salivarius</i> (M18, K-12, 24SMB) were used, and they all demonstrated positive benefits in pediatric pathology. Conclusions: Administration of <i>S. salivarius</i> has benefits, is effective, and is convenient (cost-effective) in pediatric prophylaxis. Oral administration as a chewable tablet or powder of <i>S. salivarius</i> M18 for 3 months is able to reduce the incidence of black stains, plaque, and tooth decay in children. <i>S. salivarius</i> K-12 treatment decreased the occurrence of pharyngeal, recurrent, and streptococcal disease, and the benefits also extend to a reduction of nonstreptococcal diseases, including tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, and enteritis. Administration of <i>S. salivarius</i> 24SMB as an intranasal spray was able to reduce the risk of acute otitis media in children prone to this condition.
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