| Summary: | Butanol was produced commercially from cornstarch and sugarcane molasses (renewable resources) until 1983, when production of these plants was forced to cease because of unfavorable economics of production caused in part by escalating prices of these feedstocks. During recent years, the focus of research has been on the use of economically available agricultural biomass and residues and cutting-edge science and technology to make butanol production a commercially viable process again. In this study, we produced butanol from sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) by employing high concentrations of SSB solids and integrated process technology through which simultaneous saccharification, fermentation, and recovery (SSFR) were conducted as one unit operation. The concentrated SSB (16–22% dry wt. basis or 160–220 gL<sup>−1</sup>) was used to reduce reactor size and potentially reduce fixed and operational costs. Indeed, ABE productivity and yield of 0.21 gL<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> and 0.39 were obtained, respectively, when 160 gL<sup>−1</sup> SSB (16%, dry wt.) was used in the SSFR process. In nonintegrated systems, use of >90 gL<sup>−1</sup> solid loading is improbable and has not been done until this study.
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