The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Unfolded Protein Response and Their Contributions to Parkinson’s Disease Physiopathology

• Published in: Cells
• Main Authors: Cristine Alves da Costa, Wejdane El Manaa, Eric Duplan, Frédéric Checler
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-11-01
• Subjects: Parkinson’s disease; unfolded protein response; reticulum endoplasmic; genetics
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/11/2495

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial age-related movement disorder in which defects of both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been reported. The unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a key cellular dysfunction associated with the etiology of the disease. The UPR involves a coordinated response initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum that grants the correct folding of proteins. This review gives insights on the ER and its functioning; the UPR signaling cascades; and the link between ER stress, UPR activation, and physiopathology of PD. Thus, <i>post-mortem</i> studies and data obtained by either <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacological approaches or by genetic modulation of PD causative genes are described. Further, we discuss the relevance and impact of the UPR to sporadic and genetic PD pathology.