Emerging Biorefinery Concepts for Energy-Efficient Lignin Valorization: Towards Circular and Sustainable Energy Systems

The global shift toward carbon-neutral energy systems has renewed interest in biorefineries as integrated platforms for the sustainable production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. In this context, lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer and the only renewable source of aromatic carbon, h...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Energies
Main Authors:	Sabarathinam Shanmugam, Timo Kikas
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2026-04-01
Subjects:	lignin valorization energy-efficient conversion lignin pretreatment catalytic depolymerization solvent-assisted thermal treatment integrated biorefinery systems
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/19/8/1829