| Summary: | Abstract [Objective] The study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of the formation of seed numbers
per pod in Brassica juncea L. and Brassica crops, and lay a foundation for improving the yield and breeding
of B. juncea. [Methods] In this study, 221 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were engineered using
the B.juncea L. We analyzed the additive quantitative trait loci (QTL), additive/additive epistatic
effects, and genotype/environment interaction effects on the seed numbers per siliqua in mustard-type
rapeseed across five distinct environmental settings. [Results] We identified a total of seven additive QTL
associated with the number of seeds per siliqua, predominantly localized on chromosomes A02, A03, A05,
A08, B02, and B03 of mustard-type rapeseed. The magnitude of additive effects ranged from -11.642 4
to 4.524 6, among them, qSS2-71 had the highest additive effect and transmission rate, reaching
-11.642 4 and 14.44%, respectively. The remaining six additive QTL exhibited less pronounced additive
effects and heritabilities. Moreover, the study detected seven pairs of additive/additive QTL interactions
influencing the number of seeds per siliqua and their corresponding interactions with the environment. The
effects of these epistatic QTL interactions ranged from -4.930 8 to 4.193 6, with the genetic effects of
these interactions across different environments was approximately zero. Broad-sense heritability of the
number of seeds per siliqua trait was 80.98%, while the narrow-sense heritability was 30.98%. [Conclusion]
Although the number of seeds per siliqua in mustard-type rapeseed is influenced by environmental factors,
the additive effects governing this trait appear to be minimally impacted by the environment, and the epistatic
QTL interactions are not substantial
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