Investigating causal effects of income on health using two-sample Mendelian randomisation

Abstract Background Income is associated with many health outcomes, but it is unclear how far this reflects a causal relationship. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genetic variation between individuals to investigate causal effects and may overcome some of the confounding issues inherent in many ob...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC Global and Public Health
Main Authors:	Erik Igelström, Marcus R. Munafò, Ben M. Brumpton, Neil M. Davies, George Davey Smith, Pekka Martikainen, Desmond Campbell, Peter Craig, Jim Lewsey, S. Vittal Katikireddi
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-02-01
Subjects:	Mendelian randomization Income Health inequalities Social determinants of health Genetic epidemiology Causal inference
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00130-4

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