Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation
The development of hydrometallurgical recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries is challenged by the heterogeneity of the electrode powders recovered from end-of-life batteries via physical methods. These electrode materials, known as black mass, vary in composition, containing differing amounts...
| 出版年: | Metals |
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| 主要な著者: | , , , , , , , |
| フォーマット: | 論文 |
| 言語: | 英語 |
| 出版事項: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| 主題: | |
| オンライン･アクセス: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1275 |
| _version_ | 1849530953490235392 |
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| author | Francesca Pagnanelli Pietro Altimari Marco Colasanti Jacopo Coletta Ludovica D’Annibale Alyssa Mancini Olga Russina Pier Giorgio Schiavi |
| author_facet | Francesca Pagnanelli Pietro Altimari Marco Colasanti Jacopo Coletta Ludovica D’Annibale Alyssa Mancini Olga Russina Pier Giorgio Schiavi |
| author_sort | Francesca Pagnanelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| container_title | Metals |
| description | The development of hydrometallurgical recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries is challenged by the heterogeneity of the electrode powders recovered from end-of-life batteries via physical methods. These electrode materials, known as black mass, vary in composition, containing differing amounts of nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC), as well as other chemicals, such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP). This study presents the results of the hydrometallurgical treatment of mixed NMC and LFP black masses aimed at creating flexible recycling processes. This approach leverages the reducing power of LFP to optimize the leach liquor composition for re-synthesizing NMC precursors. In particular, the leaching conditions were optimized based on the LFP content in the solid feed to maximize the extraction of key metals (Ni, Mn, Co, and Li). The leaching solid residue, graphite, was treated and characterized as a secondary raw material for new anode preparation. Iron phosphate was recovered by increasing the pH of the leach liquor, and the NMC precursors were obtained via coprecipitation. This process achieved a recycling rate of 51%, based on the black mass input and the mass of recovered elements in the output products. Additionally, substituting LFP scraps as the reducing agent in place of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reduced the recycling process’s environmental impact by avoiding 1.7 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emissions per ton of NMC black mass. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d5ac3a24dfbb4b60b2ed446a7962a032 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| spelling | doaj-art-d5ac3a24dfbb4b60b2ed446a7962a0322025-08-20T02:48:06ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-11-011411127510.3390/met14111275Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching OperationFrancesca Pagnanelli0Pietro Altimari1Marco Colasanti2Jacopo Coletta3Ludovica D’Annibale4Alyssa Mancini5Olga Russina6Pier Giorgio Schiavi7Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome (IT), 00185 Rome, ItalyThe development of hydrometallurgical recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries is challenged by the heterogeneity of the electrode powders recovered from end-of-life batteries via physical methods. These electrode materials, known as black mass, vary in composition, containing differing amounts of nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC), as well as other chemicals, such as lithium iron phosphate (LFP). This study presents the results of the hydrometallurgical treatment of mixed NMC and LFP black masses aimed at creating flexible recycling processes. This approach leverages the reducing power of LFP to optimize the leach liquor composition for re-synthesizing NMC precursors. In particular, the leaching conditions were optimized based on the LFP content in the solid feed to maximize the extraction of key metals (Ni, Mn, Co, and Li). The leaching solid residue, graphite, was treated and characterized as a secondary raw material for new anode preparation. Iron phosphate was recovered by increasing the pH of the leach liquor, and the NMC precursors were obtained via coprecipitation. This process achieved a recycling rate of 51%, based on the black mass input and the mass of recovered elements in the output products. Additionally, substituting LFP scraps as the reducing agent in place of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reduced the recycling process’s environmental impact by avoiding 1.7 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emissions per ton of NMC black mass.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1275black massLFP scrapsrecyclinghydrometallurgyre-synthesisNMC precursors: graphite |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Pagnanelli Pietro Altimari Marco Colasanti Jacopo Coletta Ludovica D’Annibale Alyssa Mancini Olga Russina Pier Giorgio Schiavi Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation black mass LFP scraps recycling hydrometallurgy re-synthesis NMC precursors: graphite |
| title | Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation |
| title_full | Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation |
| title_fullStr | Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation |
| title_short | Recycling Li-Ion Batteries via the Re-Synthesis Route: Improving the Process Sustainability by Using Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Scraps as Reducing Agents in the Leaching Operation |
| title_sort | recycling li ion batteries via the re synthesis route improving the process sustainability by using lithium iron phosphate lfp scraps as reducing agents in the leaching operation |
| topic | black mass LFP scraps recycling hydrometallurgy re-synthesis NMC precursors: graphite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/11/1275 |
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