Būdvardžių su priesagomis <em>-ingas</em> (<em>-a</em>), <em>-inis </em>(<em>-ė</em>) ir -<em>iškas</em> (<em>-a</em>) istoriniai ryšiai

• الحاوية / القاعدة: Baltistica
• المؤلف الرئيسي: Saulius Ambrazas
• التنسيق: مقال
• اللغة: الألمانية
• منشور في: Vilnius University 2011-11-01
• الموضوعات: lietuvių kalba; būdvardis; istorinė žodžių daryba; -iškas, -iška; -inis, -inė; -ingas, -inga
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: http://www.baltistica.lt/index.php/baltistica/article/view/631
• تدمد: 0132-6503; 2345-0045

<p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-US">HISTORICAL RELATIONS OF ADJECTIVES WITH THE SUFFIXES </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-US"><em>-ingas </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-US">(-a)</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-US">, <em>-inis </em></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;">(</span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;">-ė</span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;">)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-US"> AND </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;">-iškas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt;" lang="EN-US">(-a)</span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Summary</span></span></em></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Derivatives in <em>-ingas </em>(<em>-a</em>) </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><em>(</em>&lt; </span></em><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">*-ino- +*-g-</span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">were much more productive in Old Lithuanian than in Modern Lithuanian. In the </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">6^th–17^th centuries they were widely formed not only from substantives but also from adjectives (cf. <em>dosningas </em>MP </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">96; </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">K1G </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">63; C </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">I </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">708 : <em>dosnùs </em></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘generous, liberal’), verbs (cf. </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">geidingas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘desirous’ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">SP </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">I 359_19-20</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">: <em>geĩsti </em></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘desire’) and sometimes from participles, cf. </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">išganytingas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sa</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">lutary’ (widely used in Old Lithuanian texts)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">: <em>išganýtas </em></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘saved’. The same derivational features are characteric of adjectives in <em>*-ingo- </em>in Latvian, partly in Old Prussian and of corresponding derivatives with the suffix <em>*-ino- </em>in the Baltic languages.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Some Old Lithuanian adjectives in <em>-ingas </em>(-a) had the same meaning as their equivalents with the suffixes <em>-inas </em>(cf. <em>kruvingas </em>KN </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">251₁₄<em> </em></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">and </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">krùvinas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘bloody’), <em>-inis </em>(cf. </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">akmeningas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">DP 68₇ and </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">akmenìnis </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘of stones’), </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-iškas </span></em><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">(dievingas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">SD³ </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">232 </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">and </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">diẽviškas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">‘divine’). Adjectives in </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-iškas </span></em><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">(-a) </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">were also semanticaly very close to derivatives in <em>-inis </em></span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(-ė) </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">in the texts of the 16^th–17^th centuries, cf. example from </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">„Ewangelie </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Polskie </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">y </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Litewskie” </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(1647) </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">by </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">J. Jaknavičius: </span><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">tewas iuʃu </span></em><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">dungißkas </span></em><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">(aba dunginis) </span></em><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">peni</span></em></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">iuos </span></em><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE;" lang="EN-US">113_{13<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-16</span>}<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE;" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">S</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">o in Old Lithuanian denominative derivatives in <em>-ingas </em>(-a), <em>-inas </em></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">-a</span></em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">, -inis </span></em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">-ė</span></em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">and </span><em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">-iškas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">(<em>-a</em>) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">belonged to the same derivational category of attributive adjectives. On the other hand, deverbal derivatives in <em>-ingas </em>(<em>-a</em>)<em>, -inas </em></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">-a</span></em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: LT; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">, -tinas </span></em><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">(-a) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">and other deverbal adjectives can be ascribed to another derivational category –</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> adjectives denoting actions and their results.</span></p>