Hookah Smoking and Risk of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Insights From a Case‐Control Study in Iran

ABSTRACT Background and Aims There is contradictory research evidence for the relationship between hookah smoking and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The increasing popularity of hookah smoking and its effects on health has become a significant concern. This study aimed to explore the eff...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Health Science Reports
Main Authors:	Hadi Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki, Nahid Shahabi, Nooshin Ebrahimi, Ehsan Ramezanian Nik, Farshid Soleimani, Shokrollah Mohseni, Moslem Gholamnezhad, Hanieh Sedeghi, Sara Dadipoor
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Wiley 2025-08-01
Subjects:	Helicobacter pylori hookah smoking infection smoking
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70993