| Summary: | A fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip (FICTS) based on the use of europium nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed and applied to detect citrinin (CIT) in <i>Monascus</i> fermented food. The sensitivity of the immunoassay to detect CIT was greatly improved by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody to attach EuNPs to form a probe. Under optimum conditions, the visual detection limit was 2.5 ng/mL, and the detection limit of the instrument was 0.05 ng/mL. According to the results, the IC<sub>50</sub> was 0.4 ng/mL. Matrix interference from various <i>Monascus</i> fermented foods was investigated in food sample detection. The immunosensor also demonstrated high recoveries (86.8−113.0%) and low relative standard deviations (RSDs) (1.8−15.3%) when testing spiked <i>Monascus</i> fermented food. The detection results of this method showed a good correlation (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> > 0.98) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the FICTS method could be used as a rapid, sensitive method to detect CIT in <i>Monascus</i> fermented food.
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