p-Synephrine: an overview of physicochemical properties, toxicity, biological and pharmacological activity

p-Synephrine is a popular ingredient in dietary supplements. It is also found in trace amounts in living organisms. It is advertised as a weight loss supplement and it is supposed to improve performance in sports. It is contained in plants of the Citrus family, making it widespread in the human diet...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	EXCLI Journal : Experimental and Clinical Sciences
Main Authors:	Maciej Kulawik, Kaja Bajewska, Anna Kulawik
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 2025-03-01
Subjects:	p-synephrine phytochemicals Citrus species dietary supplements
Online Access:	https://www.excli.de/excli/article/view/8088

Similar Items

Presence of p-synephrine in teas commercialized in Porto Alegre (RS/Brazil)
by: Marcelo Dutra Arbo, et al.
Published: (2009-06-01)

Synephrine Inhibits Eotaxin-1 Expression via the STAT6 Signaling Pathway
by: Kyung-Baeg Roh, et al.
Published: (2014-08-01)

Co-Existence of Hypertensive and Anti-Hypertensive Constituents, Synephrine, and Nobiletin in <i>Citrus unshiu</i> Peel
by: Jung-Joon Kim, et al.
Published: (2019-03-01)

Combined Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Hispidulin and <i>p</i>-Synephrine on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
by: Dahae Lee, et al.
Published: (2021-11-01)

Citrus aurantium L. and synephrine improve brown adipose tissue function in adolescent mice programmed by early postnatal overfeeding
by: Andressa Cardoso Guimarães, et al.
Published: (2024-01-01)

<i>p</i>-Synephrine Indicates Internal Maturity of <i>Citrus grandis</i> (L.) Osbeck cv. Mato Peiyu—Reclaiming Functional Constituents from Nonedible Parts
by: Li-Yun Lin, et al.
Published: (2023-05-01)

Synephrine Analogues as Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists
by: Eugenia Oleynik, et al.
Published: (2023-11-01)

Gender differences in biochemical markers and oxidative stress of rats after 28 days oral exposure to a mixture used for weight loss containing p-synephrine, ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine
by: Gabriela Cristina Schmitt, et al.

Transcriptome analysis of Citrus Aurantium L. to study synephrine biosynthesis during developmental stages
by: Can Zhong, et al.
Published: (2024-09-01)

Neuroprotective potential of synephrine against aluminium chloride (AlCl3) induced cognitive impairment & neuronal damage in rats
by: Mohit Agrawal, et al.
Published: (2025-09-01)

Non-invasive assessment of proarrhythmic risks associated with isoprenaline and the dietary supplement ingredient synephrine using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
by: Xin Yuan, et al.
Published: (2024-06-01)

Bio inspired assessment of titanium-organic framework and exosome-constructed p-Synephrine carriage: pursuing the PI3K/mTOR pathway in a simulated periodontitis
by: Mohamed S. Kishta, et al.
Published: (2026-05-01)

Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity In Vitro of Synephrine Derivatives
by: Ekaterina M. Zhidkova, et al.
Published: (2024-12-01)

Electrochemical determination of synephrine by using nafion/UiO-66/graphene-modified screen-printed carbon electrode
by: Yi Zhang, et al.
Published: (2022-01-01)

Preparation, quality evaluation and preliminary pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies of synephrine dry powder inhaler
by: Jiming Ke, et al.
Published: (2025-12-01)

Citrus Aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on biomarkers of metabolism: a double blind crossover design
by: Brian Kliszczewicz, et al.
Published: (2019-02-01)

Disclosing Frauds in Herbal Food Supplements Labeling: A Simple LC-MS/MS Approach to Detect Alkaloids and Biogenic Amines
by: Giovanna Esposito, et al.
Published: (2023-10-01)

The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design
by: Brian Kliszczewicz, et al.
Published: (2018-07-01)

Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance
by: Y. Peter Jung, et al.
Published: (2017-01-01)

Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Antisolvent Fractionation of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> Flower Extracts: Enrichment and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds
by: Dhekra Trabelsi, et al.
Published: (2025-08-01)

Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males
by: Y. Peter Jung, et al.
Published: (2017-01-01)

Physicochemistry, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Potential of Ficus carica – A Promising Nutraceutical
by: Fazel MF, et al.
Published: (2024-05-01)

Evaluating citrus juice: A comparative study of physicochemical, nutraceutical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of citrus juices from Nepal
by: Nirmal Karki, et al.
Published: (2024-12-01)

Plant and fungal products that extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
by: Jan Martel, et al.
Published: (2020-07-01)

Natural Dietary and Herbal Products in Anti-Obesity Treatment
by: Nan-Nong Sun, et al.
Published: (2016-10-01)

Advances in cartilage tissue regeneration
by: Julia Skoracka, et al.
Published: (2024-09-01)

Recent advancements in the role of phytochemicals and Medicinal plants in prophylaxis and management of Alzheimer’s disease
by: Akanksha Mishra, et al.
Published: (2024-11-01)

The Phytochemical Properties of Low-Grade Longan Syrup and Its Potential Use as a Dietary Supplement for Honey Bees
by: Phurichaya Lertlakkanawat, et al.
Published: (2024-11-01)

Fruit Seeds with Functional Applications: From Food Waste to Potential Uses
by: Dayane Stéphanie Fernandes, et al.
Published: (2026-05-01)

Dietary phytochemicals alleviate the premature skin aging: A comprehensive review
by: Harpreet Singh, et al.
Published: (2025-01-01)

BOTANICALS AS PROSPECTIVE AGENTS AGAINST SARS-COV-2 VIRUS
by: V. DUSHENKOV, et al.
Published: (2022-03-01)

Phytotherapy in Sports Performance and Recovery: A Bibliometric Mapping of Research Themes and Trends
by: Amr Chaabeni, et al.
Published: (2026-06-01)

Eclampsia in the Dog : An Overview
by: M. M. Pathan, et al.
Published: (2011-02-01)

Stachydrine, a Bioactive Equilibrist for Synephrine, Identified from Four <i>Citrus</i> Chinese Herbs
by: Yifei Sun, et al.
Published: (2023-04-01)

Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Potential Pharmacological Mechanism of a Sleep Cocktail
by: Yuyun Liang, et al.
Published: (2024-05-01)

SWISS ADME ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CITRUS AURANTIUM
by: Ayesha Malik, et al.
Published: (2025-08-01)

Health risks associated with dietary supplements for athletes
by: Mariusz Zapadka, et al.
Published: (2021-11-01)

Ethnobotanical, micrographic and pharmacological features of plant-based weight-loss products sold in naturist stores in Mexico City: the need for better quality control
by: Patricia Marta Arenas, et al.
Published: (2013-09-01)

ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN D CONTENT IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AVAILABLE IN THE EU
by: Maciej Domański, et al.
Published: (2023-01-01)

Vanillic acid protects mortality and toxicity induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in mice; in vivo model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
by: Ahmad Salimi, et al.
Published: (2024-06-01)