Experimental Analysis of Flow Boiling in Horizontal Annulus—The Effect of Heat Flux on Bubble Size Distributions

• Published in: Energies
• Main Authors: Boštjan Zajec, Leon Cizelj, Boštjan Končar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2022-03-01
• Subjects: subcooled boiling; annulus; flow visualization; bubble size distribution; neural network image analysis
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2187

Subcooled flow boiling was experimentally investigated in a horizontal annulus with a temperature-controlled boiling surface and transparent outer pipe facilitating visualization. Boiling occurs on a copper tube with a diameter of 12 mm in an annulus with a 2 mm gap. Refrigerant R245fa is used as a working fluid. The focus of this study is to explore the effect of heat flux variation on the boiling flow patterns at approximately constant inlet flow conditions of the working fluid (fixed mass flux and inlet fluid temperature). Subcooled flow boiling is recorded by a high-speed camera, images are analyzed by a neural network to determine the bubble size distributions and their variation with the heat flux. The experimental setup being a part of the laboratory THELMA (Thermal Hydraulics experimental Laboratory for Multiphase Applications) at the Reactor Engineering Division of Jožef Stefan Institute, analysis methods and measurement results are presented and discussed.