Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Recreational Greenspaces in North Central Florida, USA

Tick-borne infections are an increasing medical and veterinary concern in the southeastern United States, but there is limited understanding of how recreational greenspaces influence the hazard of pathogen transmission. This study aimed to estimate the potential human and companion animal encounter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms
Main Authors: Chanakya R. Bhosale, Kristen N. Wilson, Kimberly J. Ledger, Zoe S. White, Rayann Dorleans, Carrie E. De Jesus, Samantha M. Wisely
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-03-01
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/756
Description
Summary:Tick-borne infections are an increasing medical and veterinary concern in the southeastern United States, but there is limited understanding of how recreational greenspaces influence the hazard of pathogen transmission. This study aimed to estimate the potential human and companion animal encounter risk with different questing tick species, and the bacterial or protozoal agents they carry in recreational greenspaces. We collected ticks bimonthly along trails and designated recreational areas in 17 publicly accessible greenspaces, in and around Gainesville, Florida, USA. We collected <i>Amblyomma americanum</i>, <i>Ixodes scapularis</i>, <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i>, <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i>, <i>Ixodes affinis</i>, and <i>Haemaphysalis leporispalustris</i>. Across the six tick species collected, we detected 18 species of bacteria or protozoa within the <i>Babesia</i>, <i>Borrelia</i>, <i>Cytauxzoon</i>, <i>Cryptoplasma (Allocryptoplasma)</i>, <i>Ehrlichia</i>, <i>Hepatozoon</i>, <i>Rickettsia</i>, and <i>Theileria</i> genera, including pathogens of medical or veterinary importance. While tick abundance and associated microorganism prevalence and richness were the greatest in natural habitats surrounded by forests, we found both ticks and pathogenic microorganisms in manicured groundcover. This relationship is important for public health and awareness, because it suggests that the probability of encountering an infected tick is measurable and substantial even on closely manicured turf or gravel, if the surrounding landcover is undeveloped. The presence of medically important ticks and pathogenic microorganisms in recreational greenspaces indicates that public education efforts regarding ticks and tick-borne diseases are warranted in this region of the United States.
ISSN:2076-2607