Synergistic Behavioral Response Effect of Mixtures of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>, <i>Cananga odorata</i>, and <i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)

Each binary mixture formulation of <i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> (L.) Nash (VZ) with <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) or <i>Cananga odorata</i> (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (CO) and AP with CO at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratios (<i>v&...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Insects
Main Authors: Amonrat Panthawong, Jirod Nararak, Pairpailin Jhaiaun, Chutipong Sukkanon, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-02-01
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/2/155
Description
Summary:Each binary mixture formulation of <i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> (L.) Nash (VZ) with <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) or <i>Cananga odorata</i> (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (CO) and AP with CO at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratios (<i>v</i>:<i>v</i>) was investigated for behavioral responses on laboratory and field strains of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. Irritant and repellent activities of each formulation were compared with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) using an excito-repellency test system. The result demonstrated that the mixture of VZ:AP in all combination ratios was the most effective in inducing an irritancy response against the laboratory strain (56.57–73.33%). The highest percentage of escaped mosquitoes exposed to the mixture at a 1:4 ratio (73.33%) was significantly different from DEET (26.67%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Against the field strain, the strongest escape response of AP:CO at a 1:1 ratio in the contact trial (70.18%) was significantly different compared with DEET (38.33%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was a weak non-contact escape pattern in all combinations of VZ:CO against the laboratory strains (6.67–31.67%). These findings could lead to the further development of VZ and AP as active ingredients in a repellent that could advance to human use trials.
ISSN:2075-4450