Comparison of dexamethasone regimens in tubercular meningitis (TBM): a randomized open label clinical trial

• Published in: Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
• Main Authors: Alvee Saluja, Deepti Vibha, Awadh Kishor Pandit, Garima Shukla, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Manjari Tripathi, Madakasira Vasantha Padma Srivastava, Kameshwar Prasad, Sada Nand Dwivedi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2023-12-01
• Subjects: tuberculous meningitis; dexamethasone; corticosteroid; comparison
• Online Access: https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/17563

Introduction: Corticosteroids are used as adjunctive treatment in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, there is no universally accepted regimen, type, duration, or route of steroid administration. Methodology: In a randomized open labelled pilot study, TBM patients were divided into overlap oral dexamethasone (OOD) and direct oral dexamethasone (DOD) arms. The total duration of steroid administration was 8 weeks. The primary outcome was symptomatic resolution at 1 month post randomization. The secondary outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 and 6 months after initiation of steroids. Results: Symptomatic resolution after one month of randomization in 53 randomized patients was similar in OOD (71.4% (15/21)) versus DOD ((85.0% (17/20)) arm (p value:0.45). Median mRS was also similar in OOD versus DOD (OOD: 2.5 (IQR: 1.0; 6.0) versus DOD: 1.0 (IQR: (0.0; 4.0); p value: 0.31)) arm at 6 months. The mortality at 6 months was 31.8% (7/22) in the OOD versus 20.0% (4/20) in the DOD arm (p value: 0.49). Conclusions: In this open label pilot study, the outcomes were similar in OOD versus DOD arms in terms of symptomatic resolution at 1 month, and morbidity, and mortality at 3 and 6 months. Patients with stage I to III TBM may be given injectable steroids for 1 week after which they may be switched to oral steroid. This regime cannot be applied to stage IV TBM and patients with complications like optico-chiasmatic or spinal arachnoiditis or vasculitic infarcts.