Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America
The first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, many more cases have apparently appeared not...
| Published in: | Microorganisms |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/440 |
| _version_ | 1850121554594103296 |
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| author | Yi Yang Jevan Christie Liza Köster Aifang Du Chaoqun Yao |
| author_facet | Yi Yang Jevan Christie Liza Köster Aifang Du Chaoqun Yao |
| author_sort | Yi Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| container_title | Microorganisms |
| description | The first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, many more cases have apparently appeared not only in these regions but also in Asia, South America, and Africa. More than 20,000 cases of human babesiosis have been reported in North America alone. In several cross-sectional surveys, exposure to <i>Babesia</i> spp. has been demonstrated within urban and rural human populations with clinical babesiosis reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. This review serves to highlight the widespread distribution of these tick-borne pathogens in humans, their tick vectors in readily accessible environments such as parks and recreational areas, and their phylogenetic relationships. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2140d8cdee643eab928e1d8f37c28d4 |
| institution | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2140d8cdee643eab928e1d8f37c28d42025-08-19T23:56:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-02-019244010.3390/microorganisms9020440Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North AmericaYi Yang0Jevan Christie1Liza Köster2Aifang Du3Chaoqun Yao4Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaThe Animal Hospital, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USADepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and NevisThe first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, many more cases have apparently appeared not only in these regions but also in Asia, South America, and Africa. More than 20,000 cases of human babesiosis have been reported in North America alone. In several cross-sectional surveys, exposure to <i>Babesia</i> spp. has been demonstrated within urban and rural human populations with clinical babesiosis reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. This review serves to highlight the widespread distribution of these tick-borne pathogens in humans, their tick vectors in readily accessible environments such as parks and recreational areas, and their phylogenetic relationships.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/440human babesiosis<i>Babesia</i> spp.<i>Babesia microti</i><i>Babesia divergens</i><i>Babesia venatorum</i><i>Babesia duncani</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yi Yang Jevan Christie Liza Köster Aifang Du Chaoqun Yao Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America human babesiosis <i>Babesia</i> spp. <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> <i>Babesia venatorum</i> <i>Babesia duncani</i> |
| title | Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America |
| title_full | Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America |
| title_short | Emerging Human Babesiosis with “Ground Zero” in North America |
| title_sort | emerging human babesiosis with ground zero in north america |
| topic | human babesiosis <i>Babesia</i> spp. <i>Babesia microti</i> <i>Babesia divergens</i> <i>Babesia venatorum</i> <i>Babesia duncani</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/440 |
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