Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the short 9-item drive for muscularity scale (DMS-9)

Abstract Background After the original 15-item Drive for Muscularity Scale developed by McCreary et al. in 2004, a more theoretically based scale that replicates the original DMS subscales with a better conceptual clarity and a shorter number of items, i.e., the DMS-9, has recently been developed by...

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