Robust Image Watermarking Based on Lifting Wavelet Transfrom-Hessenberg Decomposition for Copyright Protection

• Published in: Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics
• Main Authors: Agung Sudrajat, Ferda Ernawan, Agit Amrullah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: College of Education, Al-Iraqia University 2024-08-01
• Subjects: watermark; copyright protection; image watermarking; hessenberg decomposition; lifting wavelet transform
• Online Access: https://journal.esj.edu.iq/index.php/IJCM/article/view/373
• ISSN: 2958-0544; 2788-7421

 The modern internet technology enables unauthorized individuals to alter the content of digital images. This work introduces a method for enhancing the robustness of an embedded watermark in images using Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Hessenberg Decomposition. This study utilizes Hessenberg Decomposition (HD) to insert a watermark image into the LL-sub band of the LWT transform. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is employed to convert the H value of HD. Subsequently, the watermark image is put into the singular value. The suggested system underwent testing against a range of image processing assaults, including compression, filters, and noise additions. The testing was conducted using multiple watermark sizes, specifically 256×256, 128×128, and 64×64 pixels. The experimental results demonstrate exceptional imperceptibility, with an average PSNR value of 39.5640 dB and a SSIM value of 0.9993. The results demonstrate a high level of resilience, as indicated by the NC value of 0.96390.