| Summary: | Abstract Background Respiratory infections (RTIs) have a serious impact on global health, especially those under the age of 19. Method Using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset, this study assessed the RTIs burden in adolescents and analysed life years for life loss and disability-adjusted life years. Studies examined the burden of disease at the global, regional and national levels over the past 30 years using a Bayesian age-period-cohort approach. In addition, the study explores sociodemographic factors influencing the burden of disease and assesses health inequalities through inequality slope and concentration indexes. Finally, the study predicts the trend of adolescent RTIs through 2040. Result Globally, while incidence and prevalence increased, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) decreased, with a decline in age-adjusted rate (ASR) for all. Zambia had the lowest estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for incidence and prevalence, and China for DALYs. From 1990 to 2020, RTI case numbers, crude rates, and ASR rose, with females having slightly higher rates than males. Joinpoint regression indicated significant declines from 1990–2021. Inequality analysis showed a burden in high-Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries, reflecting increased relative inequality. Predictions suggest rising incidence and prevalence after 2030, while DALYs will continue to decline. Conclusion Despite significant advancements in prevention and treatment over the past three decades, projections indicate an increasing trend in respiratory infections among children and adolescents. However, effective public health strategies and ongoing research remain crucial for global disease management.
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